The Feeling of Music

In my listen world there are practically no old style music presence, however once in a while will even now have a bit. It affects the music that I tune in to now. Those old style music like a memory to me. Once in a while it will draw in me to listen it; it reminds me to some recorded memory, which I don’t like it by any means. It will make me think the music that now I tune in to are no any meaning and shallow. Despite the fact that I don’t like old style music, yet some way or another I will decide to listen it; since it let me have an inclination that back to the century. Old style music has a really large impact, since tuning in to traditional music can diminishes my pressure in at some point. Indeed, even that traditional music isn't my favored type. Presently, as I would see it there are a great deal of distinction between current old style music and popular music. The tones of the advanced traditional music are as yet singing gradually and the sounds can make you tired. Additionally now all the cutting edge traditional music surrounding us most have gone, despite the fact that there are despite everything have some famous in this century, however the vast majority won’t hear it since now have popular music. Be that as it may, the traditional get being developed it still can’t contrast well and popular music, since now is twenty-one century everybody get in style. Popular music is current state music that a lot of the populace appreciates tuning in to. As a class, popular music is exceptionally mixed, regularly obtaining components from different styles. It’s including urban, move, rock, Latin and nation; in any case, there are center components which characterize pop. It is composed as of late and has basically no principles with regards to how it can sound. Likewise it’s remarkable and loads of ad lib. In extra, old style music doesn't influence my life by any means. In my life just contain popular music, since I am an individual that looks for vogue. I don’t permit anything influences my style, in light of the fact that in my psyche old style music is a regressive thing. As I house prior, in my listen world there are basically no traditional music presence. Along these lines, for this case traditional music wont influence my life by any stretch of the imagination.

Theories of Interpersonal Perception and Self Presentation

Hypotheses of Interpersonal Perception and Self Presentation Christian S. Bautista Social Psychology Interpersonal Relationship Solomon Asch (1946) discovered that when data is given about someone else, a few pieces of that data are given more significance than others. He called this focal quality, which he said we are utilizing to settle on choices about the character of the other individual. In his warm-cool examination, Asch felt that attributes like warm and cold when placed related to characteristics like useful or decided created a totally extraordinary in general impressions. In any case, S. Nauts et al contended that Asch’s information (1946), don't give away from to a supremacy of warmth impact; the open-finished reactions that were critical to Asch’s estimating were not efficiently dissected; the characteristic pair decision measure appears to be unfit to test power of warmth; and the consequences of the positioning measure propose that glow was not focal in deciding participant’s impression. Generalizing is a presumption we make about others that possibly oblivious, however that impact our impression of others. Generalizations can be part into two essential structures; individual and gathering generalizations. In any case, negative generalizations can prompt gathering polarization and bias, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) (refered to in Payne, S. furthermore, Walker, J., 1996, p 191) study hall explore represented this. Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study got mainstream as it appeared to give a ground-breaking clarification to the low accomplishment of the alleged burdened understudies. In any case, it was additionally scrutinized by instructive analysts on reasonable, methodological and factual grounds. There were various endeavors to reproduce the examination, reliably, just around 33% of the investigations endeavoring to show an unavoidable outcome succeeded, and pundits said that the marvel didn't exist on the grounds that the help was questionable. TAQ 2 (752 words) Attribution hypothesis manages how the social perceiver utilizes data to show up at causal clarifications for occasions. It analyzes what data is assembled and how it is joined to shape a causal judgment (Fiske, Taylor, 1991). The point of attribution is to see how individuals decipher the words and activities of others and their own conduct. A test by Thibaut and Riecken in 1955 shows how the subject sees between somebody who is on a higher status and of a lower status. In the method, the subject collaborated with two different people; one is of higher status than the subject and the other of a lower status. Both the individual conformed to the solicitation of the subject, yet when the subject was inquired as to why every one had consented, the outcome was higher status consistence was put down as inside explanation and outside purpose behind the most minimal status people consistence. Moreover, his assessment from before to after the consistence was supported to the most noteworthy status individual. This examination shows both predecessor and results of attributions for conduct. In this examination they embraced the thoughts from Heider (1944) and Michotte (1963). It was expected that the subject makes qualification and settles on inside and outer reason for different people consistence based on their apparent force. In ascribing consistence to inward causes, uplifting mentalities are attributed by the subject to the individual. Ascribing these characteristics to an individual has the outcome that the subject will in general like the individual. In this investigation, fundamental component of attribution inquire about is available. The examination has theories about the precursors of causal attribution and the results of the subject creation specific attributions (Kelley, H. furthermore, L. Michela, J.). We will in general see that the watched conduct is because of the characteristics of the individual, dispositional attribution, as opposed to because of outer power, situational attribution. The traveler who whines about the transport plan is probably going to be viewed as upsetting as opposed to in a rush. An aware welcome to your administrator might be offered in light of the fact that you like her or it might be simply because of the superordinate-subordinate circumstance which exists between you. Heider (1958), who built up the model called the Naã ¯ve Analysis of conduct noticed that individuals by and large will in general see that human conduct is some way or another caused, as it tends to be utilized by us in anticipating the probability of this occurrence once more, instead of being because of possibility. We can make two attributions; inside attribution, we quality the conduct of the individual as a part of their character, character or demeanor; and outer attribution, the surmising that the individual is acting with a specific goal in mind as a result of the circumstance the person might be in. Heider likewise noticed that a person’s conduct especially the early introduction conduct is convincing to such an extent that spectators fully trust it and neglect to assess conceivable situational causes. At the point when we make attribution, we should break down the circumstance by going past the data given about the air of others and yourself just as the earth and how it might be making the individual act in such a way. Be that as it may, request and consistency are the results in making deductions and inductions lead to conduct. When somebody is given an underlying mark dependent on his watched conduct, the name sticks and becomes self-approving as that individual will keep on acting in the manner presently expected of him. Another attribution hypothesis is Kelly’s covariation model: he built up an intelligent model for deciding whether a specific activity ought to be ascribed to the individual or improvement. There are three kinds of causal data which impact our decisions; consistency, agreement and uniqueness. Consistency is when circumstances and logical results routinely happen together; for instance you may see that you felt bad tempered in the first part of the day following a late night out with little rest, in truth peevishness may happen each time you have a late night. Others likewise revealed the late-night fractiousness disorder, this implies you are not remarkable then the agreement is high. Peculiarity is whether a specific conduct happened similarly in the comparable circumstance. As per Kruglanski (1977), individuals don't simply gullibly run over circumstance however bring to every social circumstance a wide scope of encounters and earlier information. This hypothesis absences of qualification somewhere in the range of purposeful and unexpected conduct; deliberate conduct happens when there is a longing for a result. Covariance regards clarification as an intellectual movement, no representing the social elements of clarifications, for example, explaining something for someone else (Malle, B.F., 2003). TAQ 3 (165 words) TAQ 4 (190 words) Self-presentational conduct is any conduct expected to make, alter, or keep up an impression of ourselves in the brains of others. At whatever point we endeavor to lead individuals to consider us with a specific goal in mind, we are taking part in self-introduction. Self-introduction is significant part of our lives. How would we cause others to accept that we to have different trademark assumes a gigantic job on our result throughout everyday life. Self-introduction is an inescapable component of our public activity. In any case, self-presentational concerns additionally lead individuals to participate in practices that upgrade their appearance however all the while risk their own physical prosperity and it even underlies pointless conduct. Self-checking permits human to quantify their conduct results against a lot of gauges. Little youngsters ordinarily don't be able to self-screen, it grows additional time. The capacity to both comprehend and disguise other’s conduct desires is a formative social achievement that will happen in center adolescence. Both self-introduction and self-observing formed me to the individual I am today. I had the option to persuade individuals; my better half; my companions; and my associates that I am deserving of their adoration, their kinship, their trust and their regard. TAQ 5 (156 words) There are numerous components included, for example, nearness, closeness, and physical engaging quality in the arrangement of connections. It was discovered that the most amicable individual were the individuals who live close on another. â€Å"Those who play together stay together†, as it were the individuals who share comparative enthusiasm for recreation exercises structure relationship. Individuals of a similar race, sexual orientation, age, and social foundation are probably going to shape a relationship. Individual who are either comparable â€Å"birds of a similar quill rushes together† or that â€Å"opposites attract† structures a relationship. Physical allure is likewise a significant factor in arrangement of relationship, when we initially meet somebody their physical appearance is the main thing that will strike us before whatever else. Jade’s date didn’t work out for her on the grounds that as I have said over, her date didn’t have any of the elements. He faked his photograph, his portrayal and his activity so Jade and his date shared nothing practically speaking fundamentally. TAQ 6 (235 words) The fundamental presumption of the social trade hypothesis (SET) is that people attempt to amplify their prizes; warmth and consideration and decrease their costs; time and exertion. SET encourages us comprehend the expense and prizes of connections and it causes us foresee how to keep and continue connections. Be that as it may, it likewise has a few shortcomings, SET ignores culture setting. SET depends on a prize idea however not all societies look for an award in a relationship. SET makes individuals appears to be individualistic and a prize chasing. Value hypothesis broadens the SET, it considers that prizes should be proportionate, this is situated in the supposition that individuals anticipate that that a relationship should be reasonable. Individuals will feel fulfilled if what they put into the relationship is similar with what they receive in return. Parts of value hypothesis couldn't foresee whether a

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist approach to the Essay

Survey the qualities and shortcomings of the Marxist way to deal with the investigation of history - Essay Example This made a thought which blocked the importance of ethical quality, made an innate inconsistency ever, and neglected to address the enduring inquiry of humankind: Why does the world work in the way where it does? Be that as it may, this hypothesis additionally holds a hidden trust in an idealistic, populist society which permits all to live in solace and security. The investigation of this hypothesis has kept going all through decades as the human quest for the request for the universe proceeds. What is Historical Materialism? The essential reason is that we as individuals must work so as to get day by day necessities, food, asylum, and garments. These are irrefutable unavoidable truths that apply to everyone, Marx declares, and when the confirmation is made this is genuine the whole thought of the manner in which we live is convoluted. G.A. Cohen in his book, â€Å"Karl Marx’s Theory of History†, kept up that the core of recorded realism is the idea that through the p rocedure of history there is â€Å"a inclination towards development of human profitable power.† (Cohen, 1978, p 364). Social orders and financial structures, said Cohen of the hypotheses reason, rise and fall contingent on their advancement or obstruction of that development (1978). Marx accepted, as prove in the notorious 1859 Preface to his book A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that man’s cognizance is needy upon â€Å"societal productions†. These â€Å"societal productions† are needy upon the â€Å"modes of production† said Marx. The â€Å"modes of production† structure the cultural structures which are the manners by which all structures, political and financial, are framed. From the emerging of these cultural and class structures comes disappointment and â€Å"the time of social revolution,† as per G.A. Cohen in his book Karl Marx’s Theory of History (1978, p. 364-365). Marx devotees, as such, look to u pset the manner by which the normal man sees change. Change, as indicated by the hypothesis doesn't emerge in light of another â€Å"consciousness† however rather cultural structures and the normal move or, change, after some time causes the new â€Å"consciousness†, and hence, cultural upheavalâ€a transformation. In Cohen’s translation of the Marx Theory of History an image is painted of the picture of a recurrent example which administers the procedure of history. In the principal stage, creation isn't ground-breaking enough to deliver an overflow, along these lines there is no premise by which a class framework could be shaped. There is an uncouth society, not, as per the hypothesis, on the grounds that there is some fundamental vision of social equity, but since the current conditions direct crude libertarianism (Cohen, 1978, 364-65). In the subsequent stage, profitable force turns out to be to such an extent that there is sufficient overflow to make a mi susing class, yet insufficient for â€Å"capitalist accumulation†. Makers are not in legally binding connections however rather are submitted to bondage. In the third phase of the cycle, a huge excess happens and a general public goes to free enterprise. Be that as it may, the overflow will keep, as indicated by the hypothesis, until free enterprise becomes unreasonable and a â€Å"non-crude communism† rises, â€Å"the present day uncouth society†. â€Å"This† said Cohen â€Å"is the account of mankind in my perusing of the doctrine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cohen, 1978, p. 364-365) Weaknesses of Historical Materialism This hypothesis, and the suggestions which it bears, has certain shortcoming when analyzed. To begin with,

How Did Guns in Parks Happen Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

How Did Guns in Parks Happen - Assignment Example On the off chance that he is more youthful, he may shoot since he thinks it’s just a toy weapon. Numerous families and youngsters go to parks. They might be harmed on account of this kid. Ms. Ditmer said in the article †â€Å"Since 1983, guns taken to national parks must be emptied, disassembled and secured glove compartments or trunks. Prior to that, they weren’t permitted at all.† President Ronald Reagan marked this national park guideline in 1983. This is a decent law. I think if individuals have weapons, they ought not carry the firearms into the recreation center. Numerous individuals are dependable. They won't utilize the weapon bad. However, in the event that they have a weapon, they will feel ground-breaking. Some of the time a few people quarrel over a decent outing spot. Once in a while youngsters mess around and hit others. The individuals become furious. I figure a furious individual can't control his activities. On the off chance that he has a firearm, he will be a risk to others. A few people figure weapons will shield them from awful individuals and wild creatures. Park Rangers shield individuals from terrible individuals and wild creatures. They have preparing so they can carry out their responsibility safe. Customary individuals ought not do the recreation center officers work. They don’t have the recreation center rangers’ preparing. The essayist has a model in her article. The campers in the model were exceptionally fortunate. The shooter made 9 shots. One shot may hit any camper. Ms. Ditmer accept reputable residents think weapons are potential calamities. Perhaps and possibly not. There is a law. It says it’s alright to carry weapons to the parks. A well behaved resident and he prefers weapons won't think the firearm is a calamity. He will be cheerful. He can welcome his preferred thing on a cookout or then again a walk. NPCA Associate Director says possibly very few individuals will visit the parks any longer. Perhaps and possibly not. Numerous individuals like parks. A few parks are places of interest. Perhaps the new firearm law won't stop them.

Tracing My Career Path as An IT Contractor - Free Essay Example

Once I complete my college education, I plan to seek a career opportunity as an IT contractor. This decision stems from my observation and detailed research of the fast pace with which the IT world is creating lucrative job opportunities for contingent workers. For example, a recent report by TEKsystems indicates that 26 percent of managers in the IT sector was projected to increase the headcount of contingent professionals during the last six months of 2017 (Bednarz). As an IT contractor, I intend to contribute niche skills to various teams, secure my financial security through savings and investments, and be part of a network of professionals with valuable insights for the future. In the words of Jason Hayman, a TEKsystems’ manager in market research, â€Å"the current environment for IT workers is one of opportunity, as unemployment remains low and demand continues to rise† (Bednarz). At a time when unemployment is on the rise in many industries, Hayman’s analysis is of great motivation for me as I look forward to filling a gap in the provision of IT skills to the industry players who often prefer contractors. In order to maximize my opportunities for growth in the IT profession, I will avoid complex projects in the early stages of my career and progress gradually as I gain more experience. Although I expect to enhance my IT skills and knowledge through rigorous training and working with those with established careers in the field, I will choose contract rates and projects that will allow me to grow at my own pace. Moreover, contractors enjoy great flexibility in terms of their choice of work, the companies they work for, and what they consider as reasonable compensation (Keeble). Therefore, I will maximize this flexibility to ensure that I deliver the highest standards of service as I become more marketable among the clients. According to Ken Rubin, an IT consultant at High Road Data in Orange County, â€Å"I like the freedom and flexibility to set my own schedule† (Bednarz). Indeed, this is one of the most attractive aspects of working as a contractor. However, there is no job security, paid vacations, and retirement benefits that one should expect to enjoy as full-time employees do. In this regard, I will secure my financial stability by having a culture of saving and investing my income in different long-term ventures such as real estate and government bonds. As an IT contractor, I expect to make earnings of between $60 and $80 per hour. Despite such an attractive package, the workflow is not guaranteed because companies seek the services of contractors depending on workloads, the urgency of a project, and the need to get key expertise or skills. Therefore, I will develop personal discipline when it comes to the management of my income because I will be responsible for my healthcare needs, payment of taxes, vacations, and financial security after retirement. These are huge responsibilities that I intend to prioritize so that I can get maximum benefits from my profession. Working as an IT contractor will also require a strong initiative for personal and professional growth because there is no employer to organize training programs, seminars, or workshops on my behalf. Furthermore, I will be my own boss. Therefore, I will take advantage of the flexible working hours to not only market myself to potential clients, but also enroll for further studies or improvement courses whenever necessary. By so doing, I will tap into the current IT knowledge and opportunities since my choice for further training will be informed by a strict analysis of the skills that I need to progress in my career. In other words, I will expand my knowledge based on the relevance and the potential to improve service delivery to clients. In order to be fully committed to professional excellence and to maintain the momentum of continuous improvement, I will be part of a network of professionals with similar interests. Moreover, the IT profession is highly dynamic and one must be a team player in order to overcome the challenges of this profession, especially when working as a contractor. Without being part of a team of professions, career progression can be much slower because contracting depends a lot on knowing people and establishing good relationships with them. One of the most important benefits that I shall derive from being part of a network of professionals is the opportunity to market myself. It is important to appreciate that I may not be trained in marketing by the time I begin my career as an IT contractor. Even when I eventually get this training, I will still need the business network because that is where professionals meet, discuss, and learn how to grow as a team through referrals. Therefore, I will prioritize my membership to the appropriate group of IT professionals so as to increase my prospects for contracts. At the same time, I will seek to develop my own marketing skills by enrolling for the relevant training in IT contractor marketing.

The Ultimate Guide to Completing Your FAFSA Application

If you’re in the process of applying to college, you may have heard your guidance counselors, peers, or parents talking about the FAFSA application. But what is FAFSA? The very short answer is that FAFSA is the central way that you acquire financial aid to cover the cost of college expenses. Did you know that the Department of Education gives out roughly , 2019. Every state has a different deadline for state-based financial aid, and this is a super handy resource detailing all of the 2018-2019 FAFSA deadlines by individual state. Or you can use this convenient FAFSA deadline calculator to determine your deadlines for each academic year in your state of legal residence. Keep in mind that every college has its own set of deadlines, so check with every college you are applying to about their FAFSA deadline so you don’t miss the submission window! What Information do I Need to Complete a FAFSA Application? Here is a short and sweet list of the necessary information for filling out a FAFSA if you are filing as an independent. This includes: Your Social Security Number Your Alien Registration Number (if you are not a U.S. citizen) Your federal income tax returns, W-2s, and other records of money earned (note: tax information for FAFSA is now taken from the year-before-last’s tax return, not last year’s) Bank statements, investment records, and records of untaxed income (if necessary) An FSA ID to sign electronically More than likely, though, especially if you’re still in high school right now, your parents can claim you as an dependent. This means they will have to fill out a FAFSA application for you, providing in-depth information on their financial earnings (in other words, sharing their Social Security Number and the other information listed above). Resources for Parents Your parents can use the IRS retrieval tool to conveniently upload their tax return information into your FAFSA form. Note that this tool was taken down temporarily in March 2017 to prevent fraudulent activity. While it operates a little differently than it did in the past, it’s still a viable tool, and now safer to use than previously! This is also a great resource on the updated protocol for submitting tax information to FAFSA if you’d like more information on this front. Here is a list of questions to ask yourself to determine if you’re a dependent and will therefore need your parents information to complete the form. It’s also important to note that a parent, in the case of FAFSA, is: A biological or adoptive parent A legal guardian that the state has determined to be a parent on your birth certificate Note that foster parents, legal guardians, grandparents, older siblings, widowed step-parents, or aunts/uncles are not considered parents for the purpose of FAFSA unless they have legally adopted you. Now, as we all know, not all families look exactly the same, and parental relationships vary from household to household. This is a great infographic of who should fill out a FAFSA form for you, but here’s whose information to provide on a FAFSA, based on marital status:* Parent’s Marital StatusProvide Information For: Never MarriedThe parent that you lived with most during the last 12 months. If you did not live with one parent more than the other, provide information about the parent who provided more financial support during the last 12 months, or during the most recent year that you actually received support from a parent. Both legal parents unmarried but currently living togetherBoth of your legal parents Married Both of your parents Remarried (after being widowed or divorced) Parent and Stepparent Divorced or Separated The parent that you lived with most during the last 12 months. If you did not live with one parent more than the other, provide information about the parent who provided more financial support during the last 12 months, or during the most recent year that you actually received support from a parent. WidowedYour parent (*The following information is reproduced from FAFSA’s Who’s Considered A Parent? Page and can be found there as well.) One last noteworthy point is that even if you are a dependent, you must claim any financial gains you incurred the previous year, such as gifts, contest money, etc. What Happens After I File a FAFSA Application? Two major things happen after you file a FAFSA: #1 You will receive a Student Aid Report (SAR). If you’ve provided an email address, you will receive your SAR within 3-5 days. Otherwise, you will receive it in the mail within 7-10 days. Your SAR will include all of the information that you or a parent has entered as well as your EFC (â€Å"expected family contribution† if you recall from above). If any information is missing, your EFC will not be calculated and you will be able to add or change information as necessary. #2 You will receive financial aid award letters As you begin receiving acceptance letters from colleges you’ve applied to (woo hoo!), you will also begin receiving financial aid award letters; in fact, sometimes they even come with your acceptance letters. Your financial aid award letters will use the information from your FAFSA application to come up with an amount of money that they are willing and able to provide you. Each school will have its own unique â€Å"financial aid package† that breaks down the aid you receive. Aid may come in several forms including but not limited to: Grants Sums of money that are typically strictly need-based, and do not have to be repaid. Scholarships Also sums of money that do not need to be repaid, but are often merit-based or both need and merit based. Government loans Low interest loans with various payment plan options. This is a great overview of every type of financial aid offered through FAFSA. One thing to keep in mind, however, is that if you apply to a college early-action or early decision, your financial package may not arrive until all students have applied by the regular deadline. Other FAFSA FAQs Who Can Apply for FAFSA? Here is a quick fact sheet on eligibility for receiving financial aid via FAFSA, but please note that you must be a United States citizen with a valid Social Security Number, or be an eligible non-citizen of the United States. Typically, the following individuals are considered eligible non-citizens: US permanent residents (holding a Permanent Resident Card, formally referred to as a â€Å"Green Card†) Conditional permanent residents (I-551C) If you are currently an undocumented immigrant, there are still many types of financial aid you can apply for, and the College Board’s Repository of Resources for Undocumented Students is a great starting point. Why Do So Many Students Miss Out on FAFSA? The truth is that many students don’t immediately believe that they will qualify for financial aid, but nearly all students do, in varying quantities. Some students are also simply not made aware of the FAFSA application and then miss the deadline to apply for aid. Sometimes students who are English Language Learners (ELL) or whose parents are ELL have a hard time understanding all of the information being asked on the FAFSA form. If this is the case, talk to your high school guidance counselor as soon as possible to discuss translation options and assistance. According to several recent studies, students leave literal billions of dollars on the table by not applying for FAFSA, which is incredibly unfortunate! The moral is, everyone should submit a FAFSA application, bottom line. You may be entitled to significantly more money than you assume, and no matter what, every bit helps! Is FAFSA Mandatory? Nope, FAFSA is not mandatory, but it’s the gatekeeper for all types of financial aid, so if you’re looking for financial assistance of any variety, you’ll need to fill one out! Is FAFSA Free? Indeed it is! Hence the name, â€Å"Free Application for Federal Student Aid.† That said, you will no doubt have other application fees as you apply to college, so be mindful of these as they come up. Does FAFSA Help You Get Free Money or a Loan? One of the main goals of FAFSA is to get you money that you do not need to pay back—in other words, grants and loans. However, each one of the colleges you apply to will assemble their own financial aid package, some of which will include loans, which must be repaid per the specific terms of each individual type of loan. Is FAFSA The Only Way to Receive Financial Aid? FAFSA is the quickest way to access most types of financial aid out there, but it isn’t the only way or resource. At the bottom of the types of financial aid page, FAFSA lists some of the other ways students can get financial assistance, including tax credits, military aid, state and local scholarships, etc. Remember that there are many options out there for paying for college, and you can use the College Scholarship Service (CSS) to help you apply for all kinds of scholarships from over 400 participating colleges. Good Luck and Happy Applying! We know that applying to colleges is stressful in its own right, and the FAFSA application can seem really intimidating. But if you have all the information (starting with the answer to, What is FAFSA?) and start the process early, you’ll be set! And again, you may be surprised how helpful doing so is to you in the applying to and selecting a college! Remember that if you need help or more information, see your high school guidance counselor at your earliest convenience. You can also utilize the Coalition for College Access and its range of free tools and resources for college planning if you feel you need more assistance. Are there any other questions or concerns you have about FAFSA? If so, comment below and let us know!

Serial Killers, By Flannery O Connor - 1209 Words

In this world, there are people who are able to shoot, bludgeon, or torture a whole family and then sleep peacefully just hours after. Serial Killers have piqued the American public’s interest for generations. In the 1970s, for example, America was enthralled by the danger and fear of Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy, famous serial killers who killed a combined number of over a hundred people. Following suit of the popularity of serial killers, they have become ingrained in our culture through art, books, news, talk-shows, and movies. A famous example of this trend is in Flannery O’Connor’s †A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, where the antagonist, The Misfit, brutally murders a family of six. O’Connor described The Misfit as a calm, polite, analytical, morally-confused, murderer with leadership skills and â€Å"strong white teeth.† This archetype, a person who can be perfectly calm while being aggressive and lacks a sense of right or wrong, has a lso been an interest of study in the medical field. The medical community has come together for patients that are described as lacking a moral conscious, naming their disorder psychopathy (Robinson). In Flannery O’Connor’s †A Good Man Is Hard to Find† The Misfit exhibits signs of psychopathy, shown from his manipulating control over Bobby Lee and Hiram, and staying calm while he directly and indirectly kills six people. Psychopaths, although they differ on an individual basis, are described as fearless, seeing people as beneficial objects,Show MoreRelatedA Proposal1240 Words   |  5 Pages In 1953, the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† was published in the anthology Modern Writing I by Avon Publications. Around the year 1955, a collection of short stories by Flannery O’Connor became published. The themes of these stories range from baptism to serial killers and then to human greed and exploration. For the majority of these novels, the main character undergoes a spiritual change due to violent scenes. In 1960, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† wasRead More Inhumanity in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1133 Words   |  5 Pages In Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† and Shirley Jacksons, â€Å"The Lottery,† both short stories deal with man’s inhumanity in different situations, and ending with a similar consequence. Jackson and OConnor both use two characters to depict man having the power to manipulate truth and objection into something people accept. In O’Connor’s’ A Good Man is Hard to Find, the Misfit is a character in need of desired assistance, troubled and confused he wanders savagely murdering strangersRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard And Good Country People By Flannery O Connor Essay2090 Words   |  9 Pagesto create an identity for themselves. Judging others by their appearance or by the things they own should not be a reason to dislike them. While it may be a common thing to do since we are all humans, it does come with some consequences. In Flannery O Connor s short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People†, readers realize that the main characters tend to be judgmental about the people around them. Many of O’Connor’s stories have many religious themes in them, and both storiesRead MoreSummary Of Good Country People 830 Words   |  4 PagesAlexandra Dorman Mrs. Ermis English 1302.02N 1 November 2014 Summary of â€Å"Good Country People† In each of Flannery O’Connor’s works she inhabits a Christian aspect or theme. In O’Connor’s short story Good Country People, a 32-year-old atheist woman named Joy is faced with the representation of evil in our society. The protagonist Joy believes that her name doesn’t fit who she is. Because of this opinion she decides to legally change her name to Hulga. When Hulga was 10 years old she was in a huntingRead MoreA Good Man By Flannery O Connor2114 Words   |  9 Pages A Good Man is Hard to Find Analysis In the short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, Flannery O Connor uses characterization, flashbacks, the five-part plot structure, and point of view to set up the plot efficiently. The story is told through the Grandmother’s point of view most of the time in order to understand her, and her thoughts in her final moments with the misfit. In seeing how the grandmother views the world around her the reader is able to understand the type of person she is. O’ConnorRead MoreEvil In Young Goodman Brown And A Good Man Is Hard To Find.1155 Words   |  5 PagesEvil in Young Goodman Brown and A Good Man is Hard to Find The short stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, introduce into each of their stories characters impacted by malefic. A path deviation undertaken by the family in A Good Man is hard to find leads to a perilous end. On the other hand, the road that takes Brown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown leads him into an endless misfortune. With different traits and attitudes of the otherRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find And Everything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery O Connor3294 Words   |  14 PagesFlannery O’Connor, undoubtedly one of the most well-read authors of the early 20th Century, had many strong themes deeply embedded within all her writings. Two of her most prominent and poignant themes were Christianity and racism. By analyzing, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge,† these two themes jump out at the reader. Growing up in the mid-1920’s in G eorgia was a huge influence on O’Connor. Less than a decade before her birth, Georgia was much different than

The National Lunch Program - 1342 Words

A slice of pizza, a cheeseburger, chicken strips, chocolate milk, French fries, or spaghetti: these all may sound like delicious options, but are they healthy to be serving students for school lunch? All of these foods are common items one might find in a school lunch line, whether it is elementary, middle, or high school. Normally these foods may not be seen as nutritional, and because of this, school lunches are often not viewed as healthy. The people who have this opinion about school lunches may not know the facts and the guidelines that food and nutrition departments need to follow when cooking for students. Thus, it is important that the lunches served to students are nutritious and healthy for them so that they can perform†¦show more content†¦With fruits being their own component of school meals, students are able to get the fruity nutrients that vegetables may not offer. In the past, the requirement for fruits and vegetables combined was only one-half to three- fourths of a cup (â€Å"Comparison of Previous and Current†); this shows that fruits and vegetables have been becoming more common in school lunches. To make them more appealing, some schools are trying to make locally grown fruits and vegetables available to students during lunch by implementing Farm to School programs (Parish 416). As of 2011, there was a total of 2200 Farm to School programs being run in forty-five states (Parish 417). It is no secret that kids are not the biggest fans of fruits and vegetables, but by making fresh fruits and vegetables more accessible, they are likely to be more appealing to students. Fruits and vegetables are just two components of the typical school meal, but they provide many nutritional elements. Grains and meats are also key to nutritional meals for students. Currently, the NSLP requires that students receive eight to twelve ounces of grains per week depending on the students’ age (â€Å"Comparison of Previous and Current †). This is slightly different from the past when the requirement for all ages was eight servings per week with a minimum of one daily serving (â€Å"Comparison of Previous and Current†). The NSLP is making the servings of grainsShow MoreRelatedThe National School Lunch Program Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The National School Lunch Program began after the great depression. The government began to send farm commodities to schools in hopes of helping malnourished children. The National School Lunch Program provides nutrition to children across the United States. There are strict guidelines that school districts must follow to be eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. What is wrong with school lunches? The monies receivedRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program1258 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Food and Nutrition Guidelines provide more problems for schools and they need to be eradicated, as well as repealing the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. The NSLP is â€Å"a federally assisted meal program operating in public and nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions. It provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children each school day. The program was established under the National School Lunch Act, signedRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program987 Words   |  4 Pagesreminds us that everybody has a role to play when it comes to reducing childhood obesity. The Federal Government’s role also comes into play with the National School Lunch Program. The National School Lunch Program is a federally assisted meal program that operates in over 100,000 schools and child care facilities. Those who participate in this program get cash subsidies as well as food from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Participants are also required to followed dietary guidelines. Meals providedRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program1616 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The National School Lunch Program is a great resource for schools to use, to help provide children whom may not be able to afford their own lunches. The problem with the program though is that the recent changes to the requirements schools must follow make it difficult to provide lunches that are appealing and fulfilling to students. Schools also find that it is costing them more to try and follow these requirements and there is a lot more waste because students are not happy. TheRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program1019 Words   |  5 Pagesand their education level. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, â€Å"about fifteen million children in the united states, twenty-one percent of all children, live in families below the federal poverty threshold,† (www.nccp.org). Majority of these children will go to school hungry, which will affect their performance in school. The National School Lunch Program provides lunch to help feed them and keep them focus during the day. This program also benefits farmers and the economy by raisingRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program760 Words   |  4 PagesThe National School Lunch Program is a federally funded meal program operating in over 100,000 public. It provides nutritionally balanced, low†cost or free lunches to more than 31 million children each school day in 2012 based on the childs household income (USDA). The program is managed by the Food and Nutrition Service at the Federal level and by a State education agency at the state level. We will be looking at the statistics of the National Lunch Program for five local schools, and compareRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagescombat hunger in children the federal government responded with several major programs. Two of the programs the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP) are targeted towards school age children. These programs provide students with breakfast and lunch while they are at school. The Policy The National School Lunch Program(NSLP) is a federally funded program. The purpose of the program is to provide school age children with a nutritious meal in the middle of theirRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program Essay1928 Words   |  8 PagesThe National School Lunch Program (NSLP), originally initiated in 1946 under the name the National School Lunch Act, has served in excess of 224 billion school lunches to children throughout the United States since its inception (National School Lunch Program). The goals of the program include serving a school lunch that meets certain nutritional requirements and is available at low or no cost to eligible students (National School Lunch Program). While the program has undergone many changes overRead MoreThe Goals Of The National School Lunch Program Essay814 Words   |  4 Pages According to the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, the goal of the National School Lunch Program is â€Å"to safeguard the health and well-b eing of the Nation’s children and to encourage the domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food, by assisting the States in providing an adequate supply of foods and other facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation, and expansion of nonprofit school lunch programs†.1 NASW Code of Ethics One of theRead MoreConsistency in the National School Lunch Program Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesClaim The National School Lunch Program needs to standardize and regulate their set nutritional standards at all schools to help curb the growing prevalence of childhood obesity and other weight related diseases. What is the National School Lunch Program? â€Å"The National School Lunch Program, or NSLP, is a federally assisted meal program operating in over 101,000 public and non†profit private schools and residential childcare institutions.† (National school lunch, 2011) This government-run program

Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello

Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does hypocrisy. Not only do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in one’s audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a sense of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the†¦show more content†¦Othello has chosen Michael Cassio as his lieutenant, leaving Iago in a lower duty. This bit of history, disguised as background information the story, is really the crux of the whole play, arriving all of the action in the five acts to come. It is superficially important to the story in that it drives Iago’s future actions. However, it is fundamentally important to the idea of hypocrisy because it is the main hypocritical premise on which he acts. Simply put, Iago is upset because he has been passed over for military promotion- a promotion to lieutenant, which would have effectively made him Othello’s right-hand man. One would naturally assume that such an office would require intense valor, amity, and most of all, loyalty. However, he has come to hate Othello for passing him over. It is obvious here that he has no loyalty or amity, despite the valor he may have shown in past battles. Effectively, he criticizes and turns on Othello for not thinking him loyal enough, activities which fundamentally prove his disloyalty. No truly loyal person would develop the resentment and hostility which have taken root strongly in him. This is integral, because it establishes immediately that Ia go is a hypocrite. He has been overlooked for a position which he thinks he should have gotten because of his loyalty, but the criticism

Definition of Auditing - 5714 Words

DEFINITION OF AUDITING Auditing is described as the independent examination of and expression of an opinion on the financial statements of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuance of that appointment and in compliance with any relevant statutory obligation. Thus auditing of information systems can be defined as independent examination of and expression of an opinion on the development, documentation and controls of information systems of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuance of that appointment and in compliance with any relevant company requirement. The purpose of an audit is not to provide additional information but rather it is intended to provide the users of the systems with assurance that the information†¦show more content†¦The auditor seeks to obtain some background information of the nature of the client’s business. * Planning the audit; the auditor prepares a planning memorandum that shows the general strategy in to be followed in conducting the audit. * Ascertaining and evaluating clients accounting systems and internal controls, use of flow charts and evaluating using key questions. * Carrying out tests of controls: This enables the auditor to determine the level of reliance to be placed on the internal control system and therefore reduce the level of substantive testing. * Planning the level of substantive testing and formulating the substantive tests to be carried out. * Carrying out substantive testing on the selecting account balances. * Carrying out the final analytical review and concluding whether the financial statements show a true and fair view. * Drafting the audit opinion and any other reports to be issued under the terms of engagement e.g. the management letter. RIGHTS OF AUDITORS 1. Rights of access at all time to accounting records of the company. This includes; a. Rights of access to statutory books of accounts e.g. shareholders register, memorandum of association and minutes of important meetings. b. Access to returns from branches and vouchers of the company. 2. To require from officers and employees ofShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Auditing And The Advantage And Disadvantages Of Auditing1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report explains what auditing means the purpose of auditing and the advantage and the disadvantages of auditing. Also explains what Expectation Gap means and how different people have different views on it, looking at what auditors consider their responsibilities are and what are the expectations. Also looking at the history of the expectation gap and the different definitions people came up with over the years. The Definition of Audit Auditor is an independent qualified accountantsRead MoreEssay on Internal Auditing and What It Entalis1137 Words   |  5 PagesTo answer this question we will have to first understand what is internal auditing and what does it entail and then answer why internal auditing is â€Å"eyes and ears† of management. Internal Auditing as defined in the IPPF Framework is â€Å"an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organisation’s operations. It helps an organisation accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness ofRead MoreAudit Expectations Gap1349 Words   |  6 Pagestremendous amounts could be done in order to close the gap down. In this essay I will discuss some of these issues and in particular the strategies to reduce the gap. Definitions Various definitions have been proposed for the audit expectation gap. Humphrey, Moizer and Turley (1992), suggest that the common element in the various definitions of the gap is that auditors are performing in a manner that is at variance with the beliefs and desires of others who are party to or interested in the audit. Read MoreThe World s Data Pool1349 Words   |  6 Pagesit here to stay, the opportunities and challenges associated with, its implications to the auditing profession, and how auditors could optimize their work through big data. Definition of big data A study by McKinsey in 2011, described big data as datasets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, store, manage, and analyze. It is interesting to note that the definition is flexible in terms of defining how big a dataset should be to be considered big data. (Source:Read MoreClarified Statements On Auditing Standards1705 Words   |  7 PagesClarified statements on auditing standards (SAS) are issued by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB). SAS #122-127 were effective for audits ending on or after December 15, 2012. The ASB has completed the Clarity project with the issuance of SAS # 128 in February 2014, effective for audits of financial statement for period ending on or after December 15, 2014. The clarity project was designed to improve the auditing standards, to make them easier to read, understand and apply. It also converged theRead MoreAuditing And The Growing Use Of Financial Software1114 Words   |  5 PagesAUDITING AND THE GROWING USE OF FINANCIAL SOFTWARE Terms of reference The report is a part of an assessment for the auditing unit; the intended audience is the lecturer Mr Ade Otukoya. The report is written after a presentation done in class to reflect on your understanding and how to improve after getting your feedback. Table of contents †¢ Introduction (what is auditing) †¢ Auditing definitions †¢ Purpose of auditing †¢ An overview of framework for audit assignment †¢ Auditing terms and definitionsRead MoreDoes skepticism by the auditor would enhance audit quality1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The importance off skepticism in performing audits has been recognized from the time the very first auditing standard was implemented (Fullerton and Durtschi, 2012). The recent financial crises and audit failures have caused the profession to reassess and emphasise the importance of skepticism during an audit engagement, ensuring that auditors increase their level of skepticism (Fullerton and Durtschi, 2012). Auditors are now asked to expand their skeptical perspective to the levelRead MoreOperational Audit1064 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness operations for the purpose of making recommendations about economic and efficient use of resource, effective achievement of business objectives and compliance with company policies. †¢ The term operational auditing is the most widely used today. †¢ Definition of terms o OPERATIONAL – implies a focus on operations, as opposed to financial position. o MANAGEMENT – implies that the information obtained in the audit process is useful to management decision making. Read More Aspects of Materiality: A Continuing Education Report Essay examples1477 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept to the field of auditing. Defining Materiality The utilization of the concept of materiality in auditing dates many years. Varying definitions of materiality during the preliminary stages of utilization prove that auditors recognized a need for this concept but did not have a standard for defining the term. The recognition by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) of the need for this concept prompted a decision to determine a universally recognized definition of materiality. InRead MoreAcct 3708 Lecture Pdf1701 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of New South Wales School of Accounting Auditing and Assurance Services 2013 LECTURE 1 Introduction to the Audit Function Assurance Framework Australian Corporate Audits Auditing Standards Lecture Overview †¢ Announcements †¢ Overview course requirements †¢ Introduction to the course – Assurance – Auditing – Legal requirements – Auditing standards Announcements †¢ 1. Tutorial Allocation – Once classes are full no more will be admitted – No new classes will be scheduled

Corporate Governance and Earnings Management

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Earnings Management. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance is perceived to be a system whereby we direct and control corporations. On the other hand, there is the issue of earning which is a vital issue for firms. This is because of its ability to summarize the performance to huge diversities uses. Hence, this makes earnings management become a critical factor in the financial market because of working with certain accounting strategies that show income declared in the form of natural look. Therefore, the overall motive behind this proposal is showing the impact of corporate governance earnings management based on Jordan case study. Statement of Need Hence, the governance structure is tasked with the process of distributing rights and duties among the participants in corporations thus they include stakeholders, managers, directors, creditors and regulators (Lowy, 2003). Therefore, corporate governance is considered to be a tool that protects and guarantees investors right of their money. Therefore, earnings management in many instances takes place when managers use the judgments in the financial reports and transaction structure to alter financial data with aim of misleading stakeholders about the underlying economic performance occurring in the company. Based on the above discussion the main idea here is getting to understand the effects of corporate governance earnings management case study Jordan. Goals and Objectives In most instances managers can be opportunist in manipulating of accounting reports through management accruals. But, Beck (2013) argues that normal accruals arise in ordinary course of business and is unlikely to reflect on managerial opportunistic behaviour. Therefore, any instance of manipulation is most likely to be regarded as abnormal accruals as found in Jordanian companies. Research done by Habbash (2010) examined empirical impact of corporate governance characteristics in regards to earnings quality, which was measured by discretionary accruals, and earnings management based on discretional accruals of Jordanian financial sector in 2007-2012. The results of Habbash (2010) indicate that financially Jordanian firms have less than four members in the auditing committee. Further analysis must be done to show that the audit committee size possesses a negative relation with the absolute discretional accruals. However, the relation that exist between audit committee size and the earnings management was indicated to be positive, thus this means that the number of directors found in the audit committee tends to be a complex issue that raises levels of earnings quality and detects earnings management. ArguÃÅ'ˆden (2011) results showed that financial Jordanian firms held more than four regular audit committee meetings annually. Hence, the results in Habbash (2010) study shows that the audit committee activity had negative relationship towards each absolute and signed discretional accrual. Hence, the need of perceiving the results to show that meeting of audit committee was effective in discussion between members and discoverers of potential error in their financial reporting which in-turn tends to reflect levels of earnings quality and discovery of earnings management. Van et al (2008) indicates that Jordanian companies have big boards size, thus this lowers the levels of monitoring and assessment of the company performance which in-turn tends to lower the levels of quality in earnings and capability in discovering earnings management. As a result, ArguÃÅ'ˆden, (2011) argues that adjusting the proportion of external directors and non executives in the board of directors and the audit committee will somehow reduce agency of conflict over the boards process. Thus, there is the need of understanding this so as to increase functioning and monitoring of the companys performance which increases the quality of earnings. Based on the above discussion the overall goal is understanding if the impact of corporate governance earnings management was adverse to Jordan, and if so the objective will be providing recommendations on how to deal with such issues. Method and Strategies Here, the main idea is solving issues that arise from corporate governance earnings management in Jordan case. Therefore, there will be use of both primary and secondary sources in providing recommendation on the impact of corporate governance and earnings management in Jordanian Companies. Plan and Evaluation The main set out plan in evaluating this proposed study will be comparing the firms previous performance and the current performance; there will also be use of other firms who have used the proposed solution to the problem to understand if the recommendations will be effective. Budget The budget for this study is not yet estimated because of emerging uncertainties that arise when developing the project. Therefore, for now the current estimates cant be done. References Idowu, S. O., In Caliyurt, K. T. (2014).Corporate governance: An international perspective. Beck, M. (2013).Understanding risk: Recent contributions from the journal of risk and governance. Habbash, M., University of Durham. (2010).The effectiveness of corporate governance and external audit on constraining earnings management practice in the UK. University of Durham. Van, F. R. A. I., Ang, J. S., Sudarsanam, P. S. (2008).Corporate governance and corporate finance: A European perspective. London: Routledge. Lowy, M. E. (2003).Corporate governance for public company directors. New York, N.Y: Aspen. ArguÃÅ'ˆden, R. Y. (2011).Keys to governance: Strategic leadership for quality of life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Importance of Communication Skill in th Work

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Communication Skill in th Work. Answer: Introduction Effective communication which is brought about by right communication skills is one of the key aspects of successful business organization. When all the employees, may it be the management or the staff, have a functional communication chain and structure it will increase the chance of the organization succeeding. The right communication skills are likely going to increase the motivation, morale, commitment and believe of the employees towards the organizational goals and objectives (Robles, 2012). Therefore, it is important for every employee in every organization to have good and effective communication skills. Importance of Communication Skill in th Work Lead to Job Satisfaction This is especially for the employee employer status or relationship. Apart from getting good salaries from working employees would also like to feel that they are on the right path, have a stress free job and this increases the passion and determination that comes out of them (Ortiz et al, 2016). This simply means a healthy working environment with positive colleagues full of positive attitude. Frequently, this is caused by the fact that there is no good communication in the working environment and therefore no satisfaction. When employees give each other that listening ear, then they will all feel that they are valued and like they are all working towards a common goal. This will increase the attitude and motivation of all of them working together to achieve the organizations goals. Helps in Team Building Working as a team is clearly working towards a common goal. Effective communication in an organization helps the employees build trust on each other which pushes them towards the same goal. It will also make it easier for every employee and department to interact and share ideas and information without pressure or tension (Heaven et al, 2006). Additionally, the management will have an easier time to correct the employees without any more problems when need be. When the management and the staff work as a team, it increases the positive energy and ideas in the organization hence resulting to better management and organizational productivity. Lead to Increased Organizational Productivity An organization with a very good communication system is likely to be more productive than one with poor communication system. However, it is necessary that every employee has these skills to be able to achieve that objective. A management team which has been accorded a clear, effective and efficient communication structure by the employees is obviously going to be more productive (Mitchell et al, 2010). This is simply because more work is going to be done with more passion, commitment, determination and morale that the product will be objective achievement. Helps Solve the Diversity Problems There are various cultures, languages, ideas and believes in different organizations or rather in one business organization. Therefore, with this in mind, there are high chances of the differences to cause problems and misunderstandings among the employees. It is vital for organizational management to find a way to bring together all the employees and give them a reason to be one. Every organization should find a way to inflict the need for better communication in the organization despite the differences. For instance an organization should make it a tradition for employees to undergo effective communication training to enhance better communication. This will certainly increase the chances of success for the organization. Facilitates innovation and invention In an organization with effective communication system means that employees feel genuinely free and comfortable to express their ideas. When employees share ideas, it leads to new innovations and inventions (Shrivastava, 2012). This makes it possible for the ideas to be heard and implemented into the organization which builds trust and commitment in all fields. However, an organization where employees have no good communication skills and no effective communication structure is likely to stick at its current state because no new ideas from different people being implemented and so no innovation. Ensures transparency This means that the employees or the departments are able to share information and ideas without having to worry about what it will lead to. By having effective communication skill, all the employees in the organization mean to trust each other and therefore have the pleasure of sharing anything that regards to organizational success and operations together (Conrad et al, 2012). This is absolute transparency which encourages team work. Conclusion I can say that every business organization should make sure that its employees are equipped with the right skill for effective communication from the point they join the organization. This simply because, effective communication being one of the most vital aspects that determine an organizations success, it is one of the things that will definitely increase its productivity and growth. References Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), pp.453-465. Heaven, C., Clegg, J. and Maguire, P., 2006. Transfer of communication skills training from workshop to workplace: the impact of clinical supervision.Patient education and counseling,60(3), pp.313-325. Mitchell, G.W., Skinner, L.B. and White, B.J., 2010. Essential soft skills for success in the twenty-first century workforce as perceived by business educators.The Journal of Research in Business Education,52(1), p.43. Ortiz, L.A., Region-Sebest, M. and MacDermott, C., 2016. Employer perceptions of oral communication competencies most valued in new hires as a factor in company success.Business and Professional Communication Quarterly,79(3), pp.317-330. Shrivastava, S., 2012. Identifying the major components of business communication and their relevance: A conceptual framework.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,6(4), p.51. Conrad, D. and Newberry, R., 2012. Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education.Journal of Education for Business,87(2), pp.112-120.

Satanism Essays - Church Of Satan, Left-Hand Path, Satanism

Satanism Satanism Sociology/Psychology I am hoping I can somehow make this seem like a psychological report without making it lose any of it's important details. My goal in writing this paper is to hopefully make people understand and agree that Satanism is not a "Devil Worshipping," animal mutilating, child scarifying cult organization. The psychological thing comes in when people say Satanism is wrong or evil, they hear the word Satan and automatically assume that it must be bad. They make these assumptions without even taking the time to find the facts and understand them. I'll start off by saying that Satanists do not worship the devil! A Satanist believe that he or she as an individual rule their own destiny and are the god of their own lives. Satanism is a religion based on the reality that man is an animal, like all others. They choose to separate themselves from a society where natural behavior is suppressed and the strong support the weak. The average Satanist disagrees with much of Christianity. In many ways Christians are considered the enimies. Christians say Satan is a fallen angel, not a God. All religions have gods and demons, some of which are forbidden by a typical society. Satan is one among these, originally conceived by the Hebrews, long before the birth of Jesus. Most Satanists are familiar with the teachings of Christianity, and have read the Bible or part of it. They simply consider the Bible to be false and disregard it much like Christians would disregard books which represent the foundation of another religion. Satanism is not considered a religion for the white race and should not be confused with or grouped together with skinheads, The KKK, Nazi's, Neo-Nazi's, or people who support white power. Satanists are not teenage vandals, not gang murderers, not psychopathic murders, not child molesters or vicious rapists. Satanists do not sacrifice young children or animals. The ninth and tenth of the Eleven Satanic Rules of The Earth forbid this, in fact, animal sacrifices are primarily used in the Afro-Caribbean syncretistic religions such as Voodoun, Candomble', and Santeria. Child Sacrifices are used in Television and by journalists to improve ratings. A Satanist does not practice baby breeding or child molestation. Evidence does not support what is said to occur. If the number of murders said to be committed by Satanists' was accurate some bodies would have been found by now. Members of the Church of Satan are involved and advanced exactly as their own desires, abilities, and accomplishments dictate. There are no set activities, meetings, or contacts. A new member comes into the organization ideally with his or her own goals and plans of achieving them. When being brought to the church of Satan new members are told to not let anyone tell you what to believe or what to do. Advice or recommendations are one thing; orders or commands quite another. Remember that you are a free being, not a pawn in someone's power fantasy. They believe the weaker elements of society should serve the stronger elements of society or perish. Satanists support any means of returning to the order of Darwin's Natural Selection Process, this is inclusive of elimination of welfare to selective sterilization of those weaker elements. Weak elements are determined by performance and intelligence, not race or religion. So where does Satan come into all of this? Satanists believe Satan (and other gods) is not so much an entity as a force of nature. These gods are not all concerned with the life of mortals. Satan is a very powerful word that serves as an isolation between Satanists and society. It is this separation that a true Satanist appreciates and holds dear. the separation of a society where the strong and willing work for what they need and want but are forced to support the weak through welfare and charity. Satanists' know their opinions may not be politically correct, but they still obey the laws governing man on this planet a nd they expect the same protection under the laws as other minorities, races and religions. There are several divisions of the believe systems of various "Satanic" groups. Satanism has changed so much from it's original form.

Sample Literature Reviews on an MA Essay

Sample Literature Reviews on an MA EssaySample Literature Reviews on an MA Essay are a very important tool for the successful student who wants to be accepted into an MA program. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are submitting an accurate copy of your work to ensure that it meets the standards of the MA in English writing program.Sample Literature Reviews on an MA Essay are an essential tool for the student of an MA program. They are used by admission officers and other academic personnel, and should be reviewed thoroughly before submission. By following these guidelines, a student can make sure that their sample is submitted correctly and provides them with the professional standards that they need to write an MA paper that has a strong chance of acceptance.When first submitting your MA essay, you must ensure that the essay is in line with the content of the MA requirement. The content of the requirements is 'This is an example of an MA essay,' so your essay must adhere to this format. This means that you must submit your essay as a single document that uses the format 'This is an example of an MA essay.' The problem that many students run into is that they do not follow the standard format. This is a big mistake that can make your MA essay appear far less professional than it is in reality.When looking for samples, it is important to ensure that they are properly formatted, which will make it easy for the person reviewing it to read it easily. Once you have found a reputable writing service, you will want to view the samples that they have available to you and make sure that they are all clearly presented. It is always best to avoid using any types of formatting, even the simplest formatting.You should also look at the length of the sample literature review on an MA essay. In addition to being easily read, a high quality sample should be long enough to give the proper context to your MA essay. A short sample, while perfectly acceptable, will not p rovide enough information for an admissions officer to properly judge your work. It is also best to seek out a length that is not too long or too short; a few paragraphs is fine for an essay that is only used for essays in this program.Lastly, you will want to ensure that the sample literature review on an MA essay is accurate. While some people may be able to edit an essay for their personal use, most academic personnel will not be able to make any corrections. While there are many ways to edit an essay, many people prefer to hire professional editors to help them with editing.In conclusion, it is important to ensure that your sample MA essay is submitted properly, which will make it easier for a student to get accepted into the MA program. When you first submit your MA essay, you should review all of the samples provided by the service you hired and determine which ones are consistent with the MA requirement. Always ensure that the sample is in line with the MA content, and follow the format.In summary, the MA Literature Review is an essential resource when writing your literature essay. It will save you from embarrassing errors and can greatly improve your chances of getting accepted into an MA program.

One party political systems essays

One party political systems essays Political scientists often describe Mexico as a one-party authoritarian state. Power is centralized in the hands of a virtually omnipotent president, who is always the candidate of the dominant or ruling party, which in Mexico is the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, or PRI). Singapore is a one-party state that declares that it is democratic although when analyzed by political scientists is considered socialist. These parties have many similarities and many differences and this paper will undertake the task of comparing and contrasting the one-party system in both Singapore and Mexico. The controlling political party in Mexico is the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), and it had been the governing political party since 1929. The PRI is divided up into three sectors: labor, agrarian, and popular. This party claims to be the true heir of Mexicos revolutionary tradition, and has worked extremely hard to keep an appearance as a left-wing party. Although the PRI certainly has right-wing and left-wing factions. Until very recently for many Mexicans the PRI, the state, and the government were basically the same thing. From 1929 up until 1988 the candidates of the PRI had won in all presidential, state, and Senate elections, and practically all the representative elections for federal and local congress, including municipalities. Military chieftains and regional bosses who survived the Mexican revolution started the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI); they created the National Revolutionary Party to put an end to two decades of violence and turmoil. Si nce then the PRI and its partisan predecessors have never acknowledged the loss of a presidential election and always controlled both houses of Congress. The machinery of politics at the presidents service, the ruling party and the government officials charged with managing political affairs, often governed effectively, but ...

Acute Exacerbation of Asthma

A respiratory viral infection plays a major role in important aspects of asthma and its exacerbation; which is nearly associated for about 80% of overall respiratory condition. Viral pathogen associated with wheezing includes Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza, and coronavirus (Busse & Lemanske. 2010). Rhinovirus is associated with common colds that may cause sore throat, sinus infection, ear infection and to some degree of bronchiolitis and pneumonia (American†¦ Dermatology Case Study Molly Artime, Paige Cooper, Shonna Dillman, Kasey Parrott, Brigitte Toingar Maryville University Dermatology Case Study The following case study has been given careful consideration. 64-year-old female presents to your office with the complaint of a contusion on her left outer calf 1 month ago when she hit her left leg on furniture at her home. Patient was seen in a local Urgent Care and given unknown antibiotics for a skin infection. Patient did not finish the antibiotic†¦ Airway/Breathing (Oxygenation) Pneumonia/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Clinical Reasoning Case Study STUDENT Worksheet JoAnn Walker, 84 years old Overview This case study incorporates a common presentation seen by the nurse in clinical practice: community acquired pneumonia with a history of COPD causing an acute exacerbation. Principles of spiritual care are also naturally situated in this scenario to provide rich discussion of â€Å"how to† practically incorporate this into the nurse’s†¦ I. Introduction This is a case of a 74 year old woman who was diagnosed with Community Acquired Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or other foreign substances. In all cases, the lungs' air sacs fill with pus , mucous, and other liquids and cannot function properly. This means oxygen cannot reach the blood and the cells of the body. Most pneumonias are caused by bacterial†¦ and presenting symptoms, the doctor suspected an exacerbation of her COPD. He ordered a chest x-ray which revealed that fluid had accumulated in her lungs. Part of the disease process of COPD is hypersecretion of mucus which collects and fills the lungs (D., Chojnowski, 2003). The consolidation seen was most likely due to this process. Mrs. Jones's symptom work up revealed no obvious cause for this exacerbation, but up to 1/3 of COPD exacerbations have an unknown etiology (D., Chojnowski, 2003).†¦ Case Study: COPD Exacerbation Jeffrey Sherman Due Date: January 16, 2012 Wayland Baptist University Adult Health II COPD Exacerbation The purpose of this paper is to discuss an exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its effect on my patient, Mr. HS, a 78 year old male. In this paper we will look at the various facets in the disease process including its incidence, pathophysiology, presenting complaints, analysis of his clinical presentation, and discuss treatment†¦ This is a case study on a 76 year old man.Mr Alan Chari(pseudonym used to protect the identity of a patient),was admitted over night in my department.He is a divorcee who stays with son.He is a retired teacher and his son is permanently employed by a local company as an electrician.He is independent with activities of daily livings but is occasionally limited by his ill health.He used to be a heavy smoker .After realising the burden COPD has on general New Zealand population ,affecting about15%†¦ A case study of asthma in a 10 year old European child. This case study will cover the normal structure and function of the respiratory system. This case study will also discuss the changes that occur when asthma is triggered, and the routine diagnostic tests/vital signs for asthma. The normal range of the routine tests/vital signs for asthma and three nursing interventions that are required to meet the clients needs in relation to asthma will be explained further. To stay alive we need oxygen†¦ Assignment Asthma is a condition of the airways that affects millions of Australians and while the incidence is increasing, management strategies such as the written asthma action plan allow individuals to take control of their condition (Australian Asthma Handbook, 2016). This assignment will look at asthma’s common risk factors, the pathophysiology of the disease, while exploring the recent research in management of acute exacerbations and developing an asthma action plan for Sara from the case scenario†¦ Family Health Case Study Kirstin Fisher Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Colorado Colorado Springs A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of NURS 3010: Pathophysiology FALL 2016 Introduction The family member I will be focusing on in this paper will be my maternal grandfather, Andy Anderson. Mr. Anderson is 70 years old and was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over 5 years ago. He is a†¦

Law School Open Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law School Open Memo - Case Study Example robbery committed pursuant to the statute is twenty years, or 240 months. Id. Testimony by Dr. Caffrey reveals that she had knowledge that there was a possibility of forseeing the the robbery committed by Norwich. Additionally, the bank teller has stated that she knew that the "gun" toted by Norwich was actually a toy gun. This memorandum is respectfully submitted to address, the issue of psychologist privilege, and the issue whether Norwich's use of a toy gun (as recognized by the victim, here the bank teller) can be asserted so as to fail prosecution pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a). I. Background of The New York State and Federal Rule Pertaining to Privledge. Federal law recognizes a privilege protecting confidential communications between a psychotherapist and his or her patient. Jaffee v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1, 10 (1996). Although common-law rulings may once have been primary source of new developments in federal privilege law, that is no longer case. Fed.Rules Evid.Rule 501, 28 U.S.C.A. However before determining whether an exception is carved out, the Court will look to the rules of evidence of a particular state, here, New York. Fed.Rules Evid.Rule 501; 28 U.S.C.A. The common law knew no privilege for confidential information imparted to a physician. 8 Wigmore, Evidence 2380-2391 (McNaughton rev. 1961). When a physician raised the question before Lord Mansfield whether he was required to disclose professional confidences, the line was clearly drawn: "If a surgeon was voluntarily to reveal these secrets, to be sure, he would be guilty of a breach of honor and of great indiscretion; but to give that information in a court of justice, which by the law of the land he is bound to do, will never be... 2. Yes, the type of gun and victims knowledge (here the bank teller) that the gun was a water gun is irrelevant because courts have already ruled that toy guns are an intimidating weapon for 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a) purposes. This firm represents Clyde Norwich, a man this firm believes will be charged shortly with bank robbery. Clyde suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and robbed a bank in August of this year. At the time of the robbery, he was under the care of a psychologist who possesses a Phd. in abnormal clinical psychology. The psychologist, Dr. Caffrey, believes that Mr. Norwich ceased taking his medication that regulated his behavior and further admits that Norwich shared his plan to rob the bank with her. Indeed, Mr. Norwich robbed the bank that he had specifically identified during treatment. Norwich is expected to be charged pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a). original form was as follows: "No person authorized to practice physic or surgery shall be allowed to disclose any information which he may have acquired in attending any patient, in a professional character, and which information was necessary to enable him to prescribe for such

Civil Litigation and Felonious Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil Litigation and Felonious Law - Essay Example The challenge may include persons or organizations. Upon the final ruling, compensation is awarded to the person that was affected (Kleinig, 2008). The felonious law applies in the instances of murder, beating, and assault. When the victim is declared guilty, the ruling is passed for his punished. The punishment can be incarceration in jail, fine or exceptionally death sentence. The sentence duration is based on the form of offense the executed by the accused. Judgment is made to deter further crimes since people are known to be rational (Kleinig, 2008). The former includes the collection of regulations that guide the processes in courts. This law governs various court processes that depend on the type of lawsuit. It gives a guideline by which the court is supposed to conduct a case hearing and determine what happens. The regulation maintains persistency in the case handling process. Additionally, fairness and justice are checked through the procedural law (Budewitz, 2011). Substantive law constitutes the various regulations, which guide the states’ and people’s relationships. This law outlines the multiple tasks and freedoms of the people. It entails tort, a  felony,  and laws requirements. The regulation originates from public law and the legislative regulations. Mountford (2002) suggests that lawyers use this law to establish the actual claims by plaintiff and defenses by the defendant. The claims are weighed on the procedural law to ensure justice and consistency (Budewitz, 2011). While it is possible to use procedural law in non-legal contexts, it is impossible to use substantive law in such situations.

Expanding the Literary Canon Essay -- Literature English Essays

Expanding the Literary Canon While this essay can in no way claim to contain a fully representative sampling of what various scholars have contributed relative to the ongoing debate over the literary canon, I will attempt to highlight three distinct positions which are all informed by John Guillory's critical contributions to the canonical debate. First, I will discuss the concept of ideology and canon formation as Guillory first articulated it in his 1983 essay, "The Ideology of Canon Formation: T. S. Eliot and Cleanth Brooks," and which he subsequently thoroughly revised and included in his 1993 book on canon formation, Cultural Capital: The Problem of literary Canon Formation This essay on the ways ideology and cultural politics complicates and informs canon formation, also discusses Guillory's theory concerning the death Joe Weixlmann who offers his own commentary concerning how ideology and politics of literary orthodoxy in favor of a more democratically situated heterodoxy, and how this concept of a hetero doxy might inform the university's literary curriculum. Next, Christopher Ricks' essay, 'What is at stake in the "battle of the books"?" will be analyzed to determine if his attack on Guillory's assertions relative to his critique of the current status of the canonical debate contributes in any meaningful way to opinions about whether or not the literary canon should be revised. Finally, the several critics who have now offered commentary on Guillory's latest theories on canon formation as articulated in Cultural Capital will be discussed relative to how influential they perceive Guillory's latest work to be as it pertains to the ongoing debate over the nature of the extant literary canon. Guillory begins "The Ideol... ...479. Guillory, John. "The Ideology of Canon-Formation: T.S. Eliot and Cleanth Brooks." Critical Inquiry. 10 (1('3~) 144-176. Guillory, John. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993 Readings, Bill. Rev. of Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation: by John Guillory. Modern Language Quarterly. 55:3 (1994) 321-326 Ricks, Christopher. "What is at stake in the "battle of the books"?," The New Criterion. (1989) 40-44 Robbins, Bruce. "'Real Politics' and the Canon Debate." Rev. of Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation by John Guillory. Contemporary Literature 35 (1994) 365-375 Roberts, Lynn. Personal interview conducted 13 March 1996 Weixlmann, Joe. "Dealing with the Demands of an Expanding Literary Canon." College English 50 (1988) 273-283

Ordering System Essay

Automated store ordering has been offered as a potential solution to many store level problems: Automation could improve availability, decrease inventories, and reduce the time and labor required for ordering. However, despite the potential advantages, it seems that the majority of retailers have only just started to implement automated ordering systems at store level. Furthermore, very little published information can be found on store level processes, not to mention automated store ordering. Therefore, well-documented research on how and if conventional inventory management practices can be applied at store level operations should be extremely  engrossing both from academic and business viewpoints. This master’s thesis examines how automated store ordering could more efficiently be utilized to improve store operations and performance. The problem is approached first from the theoretical viewpoint: In the literature review, the retail supply chain and store level processes and performance are examined. Furthermore, inventory management and forecasting practices as well as their application in retailing are reviewed. The empirical work in the thesis consists of a part where survey material form the study â€Å"Logistics processes of European grocery retailers† is analyzed, and a case as well as a simulation study. The survey material provides information on how common ASO systems are and what kind of systems actually have been implemented; The case study offers the opportunity to explore the implementation of an ASO system in practice; And the simulations enable developing and testing ways in which the performance of ASO systems can be enhanced. Both the theoretical and empirical parts of the thesis present practical conclusions and results. The most important findings of the thesis are the following: – Many companies have just started to implement automated store ordering systems. The systems in use are typically fairly simple, and they are most often used for managing the normal material flow. Exception situations as well as more challenging product groups are still usually handled manually. – The performance of basic automated store ordering systems can be enhanced by taking into consideration special characteristics of store environment. In case of normal material flow, robust methods are needed to tackle weekday demand and varying replenishment intervals. This can be accomplished by applying material requirements planning logic in order determination. – For efficiently managing promotions with automated store ordering systems, it is important to improve flexibility and react to initial promotion demand. Key words: Automated store ordering, retail logistics, inventory management, retail store processes Language: English Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special word of thanks to the people who have contributed to the completion of this thesis. First, I would like to thank my instructor, and friend, Johanna Smà ¥ros for her support, feedback and guidance. Without her deadlines, and understanding, this thesis would not exist. My appreciation goes to Professor Kari Tanskanen for his supervision and guidance, and to all the members of the Logistics Research Group for a wonderful and inspiring working environment. I would also like to thank the people in the case company, especially Aleksi. And most of all, I would like to thank those closest to me. My wonderful friends at Helsinki University of Technology have been a great cause of happiness and comfort during the last five years, and especially this spring. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my family: What allows me to risk getting shattered is the knowledge that you will be there to pick up the pieces.

The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchase Behavior - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3286 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? It can be said that advertising is a subset promotions in the marketing mix decisions and promotions put simply involves the mass communication of the product offering to the target market (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Other than the obvious reason of persuading customers to make purchases, it is imperative to promote the product offering in order to create an image of the product which becomes one of its differentiating factors (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Furthermore the promotion of a product offering is important to reinforce the information the customers already have about the product (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchase Behavior" essay for you Create order As mentioned earlier, advertising is one of the components of promoting a product offering and thus it is defined as the paid presentation and promotion of products or services through mass media such as television, radio, newspapers and the internet(Doyle and Stern, 2006). Traditionally, advertising is carried out on the television, radion and in newspapers however disruptive technology like the internet and the phenomena it has made possible has changed advertising and the effect it can have on consumers particularly where it concerns their purchasing decisions (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Illustrating this point, Google and Facebook have created new environments which are part of the networks to which the planet belongs and which operate at break-neck speed (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Furthermore, the internet and social networks have also changed the way individuals communicate such that advertisements do not inherently have to be paid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a good re view from one consumer to a group of others can be all the advertisement that a company would need (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). In addition to this, advertisements can now be interactive in such a way that the information on the product passed on to the consumer is more targeted and customised (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Thus this paper will be exploring the impact of online advertisements on consumer purchasing behavior first by outlining the theories of how advertising works, then examining the effects online advertisements on consumer purchasing behaviour . How Does Advertising Work? There has been considerable debate on how advertising works however the general consensus has been that there can be no single all embracing theory that explains how all advertising works because they have varied tasks (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). For example advertising that attempts to make an instant sale by incorporating a return coupon that can be used to order a product is very different from corporate image advertisements that is aimed at reinforcing attitudes (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Nevertheless, the competing views on how advertising works are the strong theory of advertising and the weak theory of advertising (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" both theories are based on how they affect customers and their end results. The strong theory follows that a customer passes through the stages of AIDA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" awareness, interest, desire and action. This theory argues that advertising is strong enough to increase publics knowledge and change their attitude and as a result it is capable of persuading new customers to purchase a brand (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013)). This is called the conversion theory of advertising: non-buying customers are converted to buyers(Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The product has been criticised on two grounds; one there is little evidence that consumers experience a strong desire before making a purchase because in cases of inexpensive product a customer could very well purchase a brand on a trial basis without any strong conviction that the brand is superior (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The second criticism is that the theory ignores what happens after action as advertisements in mature markets also targets already established customers of the brand (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The weak theory follows that a customer passes through awareness, trial and reinforcement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ATR (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). This ATR model or theory is widely supp orted in Europe with Ehrenberg (cited by Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013) explaining that advertising can work exactly the way the ATR model theorises as there is no need for strong emotions like desire and conviction before a first purchase is made. It could simply be a purchase for trial followed by reinforcements. Consumer Purchase Behavior Theory Consumer behavior is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Solomon and Bamossey, 2006, p6). Schiffman and Kanuk (2007, p3) also take a similar approach defining consumer behaviour as the behavior that customers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of goods and services they expect will satisy them. Early economists led by Nicholas Bellouni, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern started to scrutinise the foundation of consumer making decisions (Richarme 2007). They approached the topic from an economic standpoint and focused only on the act of purchase and the most predominant model from this viewpoint is the Utility Theory (Richarme, 2007). The Utility Theory viewed consumers as entirely rational and self interested making their purchase decisions based upon the ability to maximise their use of their desired product whilst expending minimum effort (Richarme 2007). Another approach to consumer purchase theory is the psychodynamic approach which; the key tenet is that consumer behavior is determined by biological drivers rather than individual cognition or environmental stimuli (Bray 2008). Perhaps the most widely cited is the cognitive approach which views the consumer as an information procession (Ribeaux and Poppleton, 1978) who actively seeks and recieves environmental and social stimuli as informational inputs which subsequently aids decision making (Bray 2015). Sheth et al (1991) propose that there are five consumption values influencing consumer purchase choices. The values are functional value, conditional value, social value, emotional value and epistemic value (Sheth et al, 1991). Three fundamental propositions are obvious in the proposed theory and these are: Consumer choice is a function of multiple consumption values (Sheth et al, 1991). The consumption values make different contributions in any given consumer purchase choice (Sheth et al, 1991). The consumption values are independent (Sheth et al, 1991). Online Advertisements and Its Impact on Consumer Purchasing Behavior The beginning on online advertising was in 1994 when Hot Wire sold the first ad banner on their companys website (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). By year 2000 online advertising spending in the United States had reached $8.2 billion dollars with these numbers increasing to $12.7 billion as more people are connected to the internet and spend more time online (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). This is a clear sign that online advertising has developed quickly in the last decade. Some of examples of online advertisements includes floating ads, expanding ads, wallpaper ads, trick banners, pop-ups and pop-unders (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). Now these are the ones instigated by marketers or producers themselves. This paper however puts forward that if advertising (online advertising being no different) is a method of mass-communicating product benefits then online word of mouth or reviews may be considered as an additional method of online advertising albeit the marketers or producers would have very littl e control as to how such reviews are presented. Online Reviews Research has shown that consumer opinion and recommendations actually count towards purchase decision because product review allows consumers to get a feel for the product without making a trial purchase (Murphy, 2015). Recommendation sources according to Andreasen (1968) have a typology as follows: impersonal advocate (mass media), impersonal independent (consumer reports), impersonal advocates (sales clerk) and personal independents (friends) (Senecal and Nantel, 2004). Sencal and Nantel (2004) also report that consumers indicated that for their next purchase of durable goods they would be using first their personal independents as sources of recommendation. This plays directly to customers need for information. Whilst customers could research products through search engines such as Google and Bing. It is never quite like having a first hand account from an unbiased user of the product. Statistics have shown that 80% of online shoppers would change their minds based on online reviews (Murphy, 2015). Supporting this is the fact that in a study carried out in India of the influencers of online purchase decisions, 93% of the respondents indicated that they considered online word of mouth much more reliable than all the other sources of information including the typical online ads (Bakshi and Gupta, 2013). Thus it would logically follow that having bad reviews would correlate with poor sales whereas good reviews would mean good sales (Murphy, 2015). A case in point is the sale for a t-shirt on Amazon which shot up a staggering 2300% in 2009 after a joke review for the T shirt went viral on the the internet (Murphy, 2015). Till date the t-shirt which features three wolves howling at a full moon has garnered over 2000 reviews (Murphy, 2015). Another example is a study which showed that the biggest influencer for holiday shopping recommendations was from friends and family on social media with 63% swayed by Amazon reviews and 24% were from blogger endorsemen ts (Morrison, 2014). Social Media/Social Networks Directly related to online reviews where it concerns online advertising are social networks which could be considered as the platform through which online reviews are exchanged albeit they should be considered separate elements and influencers (Morrison, 2014). Social network platforms such as Facebook which grew by 22% between October 2011 and November 2011 and Youtube which grew 67% percent between the same time frame are the new age medium of online advertising reaching millions of people at a go (Darban and Li, 2012). A study carried out between 2013 and 2014 found that 64% of respondents were convinced of what holiday gift to purchase by a social medium. Social media appears to be so effective that there is at least one social medium guiding consumers through their path to purchase. For example, 58% of respondents to the aforementioned study used Pinterest to find ideas and inspiration, 60% use Facebook to seek promotion whilst 48% share the the purchases they have made on Fac ebook inspiring others to also make purchases (Morrison, 2014). To this end, 11 out of 12 respondents confirmed that they have made purchases as a result of interacting with the producers on social media or interacting with their peers on social media and getting a sort of first hand advertisement of the product online (Darban and Li, 2012). In addition consumers have also indicated that they are able to communicate directly with producers via social media thus speeding up the purchase process as they also indicated that the length of time it sometimes takes to get the information they need from producers can put them off buying the product in the first instance (Darban and Li, 2012). General Online Advertisements In a study carried out on the effects of online advertisements on consumer buying behaviour of branded garments in Pakistan(Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015), it was interestingly discovered that there is no direct effect of online advertisements on the buying decisions of branded garmets whereas it was found that there is a significant indirect effect of online advertisements on consumer buying decisions because of advertising characteristics and consumer attitudes (Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015). Conversely, in another study carried out it was found that contrary to the the discovery of the study in Pakistan there was a direct link between online banner advertisements and the making of purchases or purchase decisions (Li and Leckenby, 2004) . Interesting another study showed that revenue garnered as a result of online banner ads (which attracted the most revenue) were on a high from 1998 when 56% of revenue made by the respondent company were from online banner ads. However, by the ye ar 2001 these numbers had began falling until 2003 when it was only at 21% (Li and Leckenby, 2004). These studies did not give the reason as to the decline banner ads generated revenue. However the study in Pakistan had reported that consumers seemed to place more stock on word of mouth such as online reviews and a large percentage of the revenue generated by the participating companies were from loyal customers and refferrals (Afzal and Rabbani Khan, 2015). These go back to reiterate the points of discussion in the previous section of this paper as to the effectiveness of social media platforms and online reviews as a method of marketing. Thus it would appear that other methods or forms of online advertisement do not perform as well as social media platforms and online word of mouth it terms of being revenue generators. The logical question to ask then is why this is so? The answer is not far-fetched and probably lies in the results of a study carried out on consumer perception of online advertisements (Priyanka, 2012). The options provided were entertaining, informative, irritation, credibility, interactivity and purchase. The respondents to these study were further adjusted for age in order to get a clear picture as to the age range of consumers and their perspective (Priyanka, 2012). Of the 100 respondents to the study, irrespective of age, 22 found online advertisements informative, 18 found them irritating whilst 18 respondents have made purchases because of online advertisements (Priyanka, 2012). Of those the respondents who made purchases 6 were between the ages of 41-50 whilst 5 respondents were of the older than 50 age group (Priyanka, 2012). In addition a very small percentage of this age group found online adverts credible which could mean that perhaps if they percieved online adverts as more credible they could be looking to making more purchases (Priyanka, 2012). Surprising this age group also found online adverts less irritating but also less informative (Priyanka, 2012). This could logically be reasoned to be as a result of the fact that most purchasers of this age actually want more information before they make purchases and are willing to suffer through online advertisements perhaps because they are not skilled in surfing social media platforms to gain more information of the product (the study also showed that only a very small percentage of the above 50 age group do not surf the internet or engage in online window shopping) (Priyanka, 2012). Thus it would appear that forms of advertisement other than social media and online word of mouth walk a tight rope of being irritating and putting the consumer off thereby having a negative impact on consumer purchasing decisions. Other Forms of Advertisements and its Impact on Consumer Purchase Behavior In a study of 175 respondents carried out by Iqbal et al (2013) to determine the relationship between brand perception, advertising and consumer purchase behavior. Their findings, analysis and results showed that advertisements had a positive effect on brand perception and consumer purchase behavior, particularly in teenage consumers (Iqbal et al, 2013). Similarly Mel et al (cited by Malik et al 2014) argues that over time, advertisement plays a major role in influencing the consumer such that they become less price sensitive. In the same vein, Ackerbergm (cited by Malik et al, 2014) also argues that advertising is a great source of product learning for consumers. However image advertising and prestige advertising appears to have less significance in creating or instigating a learning process about the product (Malik et al, 2014). In other words, advertisements have a more positive effect on consumer purchase behavior if the advertisement includes informational content (Malik et al , 2014). Added to this is the fact that, it has been discovered that the more interactive an advertisement is the more it captivates the attention of the consumer and the more impact it actually has on consumer decision (Iqbal et al, 2013). In comparison to online advertisements, the general consensus amongst scholars about traditional methods of advertisements appears to be that there is some positive impact on consumer purchase behavior ranging from product learning, to a decrease in price sensitivity and an increase in actual purchases (Kumar and Raju, 2013). This paper argues that perhaps this is due to the fact that producers or marketing managers have more control over traditional methods of advertisements. Wheresas with online advertisements, consumers are able to ignore the advertisements, pro-actively initiate the product learning process themselves thus controlling what they learn about the product which could be positive or negative. Conclusion This paper focused on the impact of advertisements (with a focus on online advertisements) on consumer purchase decisions. The strong and weak theories of advertisement were examined in order to determine the way in which advertisements work. Furthermore, some key elements of online advertising such as word of mouth by way of online reviews on social media platforms were examined in detail as well as their impact on consumer purchase decision. Finally online advertisements in general and how they influence consumer purchase decision was also examined. From the aforementioned examination and analysis, it can be concluded that online advertisements in whatever form can have either a positive or negative impact on consumer purchase decisions. Marketing managers appear to have very little influence on how the advertisements will impact consumer purchase behavior. Thus making the results inconsistent. Perhaps this is because the internet is such a fast-paced and volatile environment. In sharp contrast, it was discovered that traditional methods of advertisements have consistent (across various studies) positive impact on consumer purchase behavior. It can also be concluded that of all the forms of online advertisement, online reviews are perhaps the most volatile and prone to resulting in a negative impact on purchase decisions. Nevertheless, it is also quite likely to bring on the most amount of sales within a short period of time. 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