Titanic Outline,Paper& Essays - Edwardian Era, White Star Line

Titanic Outline,Paper& Bibliography Outline In retrospect, blame for the sinking of the Titanic can be placed on the inferior materials used by the ship builder, the misled motivation of Captain Smith and the White Star Line, and the poor emergency provisions and procedures. I. Situations surrounding the sinking of Titanic A. Who operated the Titanic B. Events of April C. Extent of loss II. Titanic sets sail A. Description of ship 1. Ship builder 2. Materials used 3. Outfitting the ship B. The maiden voyage III. The iceberg A. False sense of security by crew B. The sighting C. The correction D. The hit IV. Saving the passengers A. Women and children B. First class passengers C. Other class passengers V. In retrospect A. Causes of the disaster Titanic - The Ship of Destiny The Royal Mail Ship Titanic, better known as the RMS Titanic, was the second Olympic-class ship built by the White Star Line. She was built between the years of 1909 and 1911 and was touted as unsinkable by her owners and the press because of her watertight compartments. The RMS Titanic left Great Britain on her maiden voyage on April 10, 1912 under the command of Captain Edward J. Smith. On the night of Sunday, April 14, at 11:40 p.m., the ship struck an iceberg. Of the 2,227 passengers on board, only 705 survived. The White Star Line was owned by J.P. Morgan, an American financier, at the time of the Titanic disaster. Morgan purchased the company in 1902 from J. Bruce Ismay who retained the titles of Directorship and Chairman and Managing Director of the company. When J. Bruce Ismay . . . picked out her name, he had no idea how famous it would become. He named the ship Titanic. (RMS Titanic) What was to be the greatest ship in the world would become one of the greatest tragedies the world had seen. In retrospect, blame for the sinking of the Titanic can be placed on the inferior materials used by the ship builder, the misled motivation of Captain Smith and the White Star Line, and the poor emergency provisions and procedures. The White Star Line contracted with a ship building company named Harland and Wolff to build the grandest ship in the world. The ship was designed by the White Star Line to be a marvel of modern of safety technology. Titanic was 883 feet long, 92 feet wide, and weighed 46,328 tons. She was 104 feet tall from keel to bridge, almost 35 feet of which were below the waterline. She had four smoke stacks, one of which was a dummy stack simply used to increase the impression of her gargantuan size. She had a double hull of one-inch-thick steel plates and a system of sixteen watertight compartments, sealed by massive doors that could be instantly triggered by a single electric switch on the bridge. Electric water sensors could also activate these doors. Her accommodations were the most modern and luxurious on any ocean. The Titanic's amenities included electric lights and heat in every room, electric elevators, a swimming pool, a squash court, a Turkish Bath, a gymnasium with a mechanical horse and mechanical camel to keep riders fit, and staterooms and first class facilities that would rival the best hotels in the world. A six-story, glass-domed grand staircase led first class passengers to a sumptuous dining room where they would enjoy the best cuisine. Even the third class (steerage) cabins were more luxurious than the first class cabins on some lesser steamships. The original design of the Titanic called for 32 lifeboats. The White Star Line management felt that the boat-deck would look cluttered and reduced the number to 20, which would provide a total lifeboat capacity of around 1,178. This actually exceeded regulations of the time, even though Titanic was capable of carrying over 3500 passengers. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic set sail for New York on her maiden voyage. She would stop at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Southern Ireland before heading across the Atlantic Ocean. Over the next three days, it was a regular voyage with passengers of all classes enjoying the luxury of the Titanic. Captain Smith, Bruce Ismay of the White Star Line, and Thomas Andrews of Harland and Wolff walked around the ship noting any flaws. Titanic's maiden voyage was to be Captain Smith's

Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essays

Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essays Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essay Explanation of chemical feeling of love Essay Essay Topic: Love Medicine The Explanation of Love and Monogamy Among Men Marcel Dante Gearing Ivy Tech Community College On the day of November twenty-seventh, Time Magazine released an article proclaiming to have found the source of human monogamy and love. With a concentration on men, Mall Salivate, the author, proposed that the chemical extinction Is responsible for modern day love. extinction a chemical that Is Influential In the maternal connection created between mother and child, therefore bonding the two emotionally. Time magazine also states that extinction can also make romantic ratters look more attractive than strangers to men, even if both are objectively equally good looking. According to Time Magazines Maim Salivate, monogamy has been a biological mystery for years. Including statistics that project the belief that only 3 percent of mammals are monogamous, and this percentage is weighted by the understanding that simply, males can produce much more offspring by mating with more than one female. To reiterate and clarify the newfound discovery of extinctions abilities, Once men receive extinction, the attractiveness of the partner increases compared to the attractiveness value recorded for other females, says Herculean. Time magazine then states, And the men were not aware that they behaved differently on extinction; in fact, they could not reliably distinguish between it and placebo. They didnt feel high or any craving ? at least as measured by their ratings of their feelings in both conditions. In conclusion of Time Magazines article, Maim Salivate writes that extinction can create unconscious biases towards a personal partner, which in turn would support monogamy and influence more intimate emotional connections. Not only Is extinction lived to develop rose colored glasses, but It also may unconsciously deterring Interest In other potential mates. In the recent article written by Mall Salivate from Time Magazine, proper scientific terminology was applied frequently and eff ectively. Mamas objective seemed to be the assessment of why men committed to monogamy and what could be the source of faithfulness. An article written by Rene Herculean titled, The Promises and Perils of Extinction supports and ferrules these claims with actual research and live testing. The title of the article Itself was not misleading, but It does seem to be order In a particularly noticeable fashion. Rather than strictly stating the topic of the article through the title, it portrayed a more subjective, almost defensive feel. In inquisitive and exciting idea would set the tone for the facts. If the article was designed appeal to the emotional turmoil of those who have suffered from failed monogamy attempts it would cause the readers to become more invested. While becoming anxious for an answer to male faithfulness, readers would then be presented with the scientific results and facts. Using this style of writing, creates motional uproar, but then soothes and calms readers with an answer to their problems. Personally, my believe is that the author of this article presented and informed us readers clearly and intentionally. In regards to the title of the piece, it created some pessimistic assumptions prior to reading this article. Overall, Maim Salivate performed well and informed me of something that I had yet to come across in the world in neuroscience and biology. In conclusion, my approach to writing this article would have been more emotionally involved than what Maim had initiated. My reasoning behind this is my understanding that emotional reading revoke feelings from the past, which in turn gives my article a reservation in the minds of my readers. Also with my version, the title would fit smoothly into the representation of the info I displayed. Within Mamas article, the fact that kissing, and moments of intimacy created extinction inside the brain of males was presented. With this information people that have read this will be more physically involved with their male partner in order to further ensure monogamy. In the future, those that are wholeheartedly convinced by Time Magazines article, How Extinction Makes Men (Almost) Monogamous, will indeed increasingly enforce intimacy within their relationships. I expect people to use the lack of extinction and intimacy to rid themselves of a partner they no longer wish to be involved with. Decreasing the amount of kissing, physical arousal, and intimacy will cause the male partner to receive less extinction, therefore creating an opening for polygamy. RESOURCES Lay Article: How Extinction Makes Men (Almost) Monogamous, Maim Salivate, Time Magazine Article, Novo. 27, 2013 Peer-Reviewed Article: The Promise and Perils of Extinction, Rene Herculean, Article, September, 2012 Lay Article What happens when a man finds the one? His brain gets washed in extinction. The hormone and brain chemical best known for its role in love ? its also responsible for helping infants bond to their mothers ? can also make romantic partners look more attractive than strangers to men, even if both are objectively equally good looking. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study included 40 young men, all of whom had been in a relationship for at least six months and reported being passionately in love with their partners. While in a brain scanner, they either inhaled extinction or placebo via nasal spray while they viewed pictures of either their partners, women they knew but were not dating or women they had never met. The pictures were matched so that comparison women had been rated by independent observers as being equally attractive as the partners. In the men who were given extinction, the pleasure and desire regions of their brains lit up when they saw pictures of the women they loved ? but not when they looked at men knew, but not as strongly as by the pictures of their loved ones, suggesting that it made their partners more desirable. Its really intriguing, says Larry Young, professor of psychiatry at Emory University, in Atlanta, who was not associated with the research. The study is one of the first to show a role for the hormone in human monogamy (prior research revealed similar effects in other mammals). How monogamy works has long been a biological mystery. Sexual monogamy in humans is potentially costly for males, says lead author Dry. Rene Herculean, professor of psychiatry at the University of Bonn in Germany, explaining that he and his team wanted to understand some of the chemical contributors to the practice. Only 3% of mammals are monogamous, and that small proportion likely reflects the fact that from a simple b iological perspective, it makes little sense for males who could produce far more offspring by mating with multiple females. Once men receive extinction, the attractiveness of the partner increases compared to the attractiveness value recorded for other females, says Herculean. And the men were not aware that they behaved differently on extinction; in fact, they could not reliably distinguish between it and placebo. They didnt feel high or any craving ? at least as measured by their ratings of their feelings in both conditions. It really is very subtle, says Young, noting that the size of the difference between extinction and placebo was small. Whether this is because intranasal extinction doesnt have a powerful effect on the brain or because extinction typically changes behavior without our conscious awareness is not known. What is clear, however, is that extinction can create unconscious biases in favor of a partner, possibly providing part of the biological mechanism behind monogamy. A prior study by the same researchers, in fact, found that men in monogamous relationships who were given extinction actually kept a rater physical distance from an attractive research associate, compared with single men. Young suggests that extinction may actually have a dual effect ? by not only making partners more attractive but also actively deterring interest in other potential mates. He notes that in the monogamous prairie voles he studies, males that have a pair bond can actually be hostile to other females. They develop a very strong preference for the partner and slight aggression towards those who are not their partners, he says. The fact that these biases are only seen in men when under the influence of extinction ? not placebo ? may even hold lessons for those who want to stay faithful. Think about when extinction is released, says Herculean, noting that this occurs during kissing, hugging, orgasm and other intimate moments. The more such moments you have, the more extinction is released in the body. And, says Young, if you combine this with other rewarding experiences that also get the reward system going ? such as doing new and challenging things together ? you can strengthen your connection to each other. Seems like extinction might be the perfect ingredient for a fragrance called Faithful. Peer Review Article NEUROSCIENCE The Promise and Perils of Extinction Is extinction the next revolution in psychiatric medicine?or an overjoyed hormone desperation of patients and families living with disruptive disorders day in, day out. From bonding to bedside The hypothalamus, an evolutionarily ancient part of the mammalian brain, makes Kyoto- chin. Released into the bloodstream by the nearby pituitary gland, it signals the uterus to contract during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk for nursing. The hormone was the first peptide to be synthesized in the laboratory, a feat that earned American biochemist Vincent du Vignette the 1955 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Given the hormones known roles, researchers soon wondered whether it also played a role in reproductive behavior. In the late sass and early sass, work with rats and sheep found that extinction enhances mother-infant bonding. In the ass, Carter and others established its role in fostering pair bonding in prairie voles. Unlike most rodents, these furry inhabitants of the North American plains form lifelong bonds and share the work of raising offspring (although trysts are not uncommon). In 2000, Larry Young and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta reported that genetically engine- neared mice lacking extinction are unable to recognize other individuals, pointing to an even broader role for the hormone in Monroe- productive social behavior. Although much of this work has been written into textbooks, the more recent ox- tocsin research in humans has frequently found its way into tabloids. In one of the first eye-catching studies, neurotransmitters Ernst Fear of the University of Zurich in Sit- garland and colleagues gave extinction nasal spray or a saline spray placebo to university students before a game in which they had to decide how much money to entrust to a stranger. (The more money a player entrusts, the larger the potential gains and potential losses. ) Those who got extinction were more trusting, the researchers reported in Nature in 2005. A torrent of studies followed, sue- getting that extinction not only increases trust and cooperation, but also boosts social per- captivities, such as face recognition and the ability to read whats on someones mind from the look in their eyes. Few substances produced by the human body have inspired as much hoopla as extinction. Recent newspaper articles have credited this hormone with promoting the kind of team- work that wins World Cup soccer champion- ships and suggested that supplements of the peptide could have prevented the dalliances and subsequent downfall of a certain high- ranking U. S intelligence official. Although the breathless media coverage often goes too far, it reflects a genuine and infectious excitement among many scientists about the hormones role in social behavior. First stud- led by biologists for its role in childbirth and lactation, extinction has more recently cap- titivated neuroscience and psychologists who have found that it can promote trust and cooperation and make people more attuned to social cues. Now psychiatrists have caught Kyoto- chin fever. Dozens of clinical trials are under way, or will be soon, to investigate the horn- ones potential benefits for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The interest isnt hard to understand. Many psychiatric con- editions have social symptoms, such as the characteristic lack of empathy in autism, the attachment anxiety of borderline personality disorder, and the paranoia of schizophrenia. Yet no drugs currently approved for psychiatry- rice use directly target social behavior. For autism in particular, hopes for Kyoto- chin run high. A large trial of the hormone on 300 affected parents of autistic children have persuaded physicians to prescribe Kyoto- chin nasal spray, which can be obtained from compounding pharmacies. At first glance, extinction might seem like just what the doctor should be ordering. But as researchers have continued to explore the hormones effect on human behavior, a darker side has emerged. Extinction seems to promote aggression or other antisocial behavior in some circumstances. Its effects also appear to vary depending on a persons genetic makeup and psychological status. And no one knows what long-term Kyoto- chin treatment does to the developing human brain. Disconcertingly, one recent study found that male voles treated for several weeks with extinction nasal spray around the time of adolescence later exhibited impaired social bonding with females. The more we know, the more complicated its getting, says Sue Carter, a behavioral neuroscience- monologist and a pioneer of research on ox- tocsins role in social behavior now based at ART International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. What worries me, and should worry others, is that so much of the basic background is missing ?SUE CARTER, ART INTERNATIONAL Carter is particularly worried about giving extinction to children before more is known about the hormones developmental effects. l think there probably is a place for Kyoto- chin in several aspects of medicine, she says. But what worries me, and should worry tooth- errs, is that so much of the basic background is missing. At the same time, those leading the trio- alas say that the scientific rationale for using extinction is already strong enough, especially given the lack of better options. This could be the first drug to address the core sump- toms of autism, says Geraldine Dawson, a opalescent and child clinical psychology- gist and chief science officer of Autism Speaks, which has funded some of the early pilot studies. These findings quickly led to speculation about clinical applications. The f iris pub- listed study in which extinction was given to autistic children appeared online in Biology- cal Psychiatry in late 2009. In an experiment conducted by Adam Estella, a clinical psychologist at the University of Sydney in Australia, and colleagues, 16 autistic boys between 12 and 19 years old received a sin- glee dose of extinction nasal spray or a placebo in one session, and the alternative in another. Neither the boys nor the researchers evaluate- inning them knew which time they gotten the hormone. ) On extinction, the boys performed better on a common test of social cognition that involves looking at photographs of faces cropped to show Just the eyes and report- inning what emotion the person is most likely experiencing. The improvement was modest: from about 45% to 49% correct on average. People without autism typically get more than 70% correct. Studies in adults with autism have also demonstrated improvements on standard lab tests of social cognition. But the vast majority of published work on extinction to date as looked at the effects of a single dose over the course of an hour or so in the lab. The real question is whether the hormone can restore normal behavior in real life. To find out, Estella and others are conducting trials in which people with autism take daily sniffs of extinction for seven- real weeks or months. These pilot studies are in various stages and several researchers told Science that its too soon to talk about the findings in detail. Interesting things are coming out of these studies, Estella says makes us think this is a cure for autism. get under way this spring should help clarify things. It will be led y psychiatrist Linear Sickish at the University of North Car- Olin (UNC), Chapel Hill, who A far larger trial scheduled to received a $12. 6 million Autism Centers of Excellence grant from the National Institutes of Health in September for this trial. Her team plans to enroll 300 autistic children between the ages of 3 and 17, half of whom will receive extinction nasal spray twice daily for 6 months in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, and all of whom will receive the hormone for 6 months in a subsequent open-label extent- Soon of the trial. Researchers will look for any adverse side effects and monitor the kids with arioso checklist measures of social behavior filled out by a clinician or parent. Autism is hardly the only disease being investigated. Out of 44 neuropsychiatry trio- alas of extinction listed on ecclesiastical. Ova, roughly three-quarters are for other disorders. Pilot studies in people with schizophrenia, who often suffer from paranoia and difficulty reading social cues, suggest that extinction can reduce psychotic symptoms and improve social cognition. The benefits are modest, but encouraging, says Court Petersen, a psychic- trust and behavioral neurologists at UNC Chapel Hill. Ephedrines work in the sass established the role of extinction in mother-infant bond- inning, but more recently his interest has turned to the hormones clinical potential. One of the real deficits in psychiatry research is a complete lack of appreciation of evolution, Petersen says. The human brain evolved to evaluate and maneuver in very complex social environments. Petersen argues that the role of the brains social circuitry in sys- psychopathology is too often ignored. And thats what makes extinction so exciting in his view. One of the really cool things about extinction is that it probably plays a central role in the social brain, he says. Lee published study on the long- term behave- oral effects of multiple doses of extinction in developing animals. It seemed to me that we were really skipping a step. From work she did as a postdoctoral feel- low with Carter, Bales knew that even a sin- glee dose of extinction can have long-lasting effects. In a series of studies published in the sass, they found that p rairie vole pups treated with extinction on the day of birth exhibited abnormal pair bonding and parental behavior as adults. The effects were messy? treated animals grew up to be more social or less social than normal, depending on their sex and the dose they received. The clearest message was that any exposure to extinction can cause long-term behavioral and neuron- endocrine effects, Bales says. In one study, Bales found that males given a single dose of extinction at birth had reproductive difficulties as adults: They deposited sperm in the female reproductive tract in only 50% of mating attempts, for example. More recently, Bales and colleagues tried to better mimic the type of extinction treat- meet now in clinical trials for autism, giving young prairie voles daily squirts of extinction in the nose for 3 weeks. In developmental terms, Bales says that the voles were roughly equivalent to 12- to 7-year-old children, the target group for several trials. In the short term, extinction made the voles more social, as expected: After a dose, they spent more time in close cognitions with their partners, the research- errs reported online on 15 October 2012 in Biological Psychiatry. The standard test of pair bonding in voles, Bales explains, is to put a male in an empty chamber connected to two other chambers: one containing his mate, and another con- tanning an unfamiliar female. A normal male prairie vole will run around and check every- thing out and then go hang out with his part- near, Bales says. But males that had gotten a daily dose of extinction comparable to that being given to autistic children?or an even lower dose?were more likely to spurn their partner in favor of the stranger. To Bales, the findings raise the troubling possibility that repeated use of extinction nasal spray may cause long-term changes in the brain that negate or even reverse the hormones been- fits, perhaps by tricking the brain into making less extinction of its own. Other signs that theres more to extinction than cuddles and hugs have emerged from human experiments. In 2010, psychologist Scarcest De Drew and colleagues at the Nun- varsity of Amsterdam gave extinction nasal Caring family. Prairie vole parents share the work of raising offspring, but a recent study suggests long-term extinction treatment can disrupt bonding between partners. Cause for concern The explosion of clinical trials with Kyoto- chin, particularly those in children, troubles Karen Bales, a behavioral neuroscience at the University of California, Davis. Theres been this quick leap from looking at a sin- glee dose of extinction in healthy adults to try- inning to give it to children with autism whose brains are still developing, she says. Bales says that she looked and couldnt find a sin- 268 18 JANUARY 2013 VOLE 339 SCIENCE www. Sustenance. Org published by AAAS CREDIT: KAREN BALES/UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Downloaded from wry. Science. Org on January 18, 2013 spray to men before they played a computer game in which small teams competed for money. Compared with men who got a saline spray, those who sniffed extinction behaved more altruistically to members of their own team?but at the same time, they were more likely to preemptively punish competitors, the team reported in Science. In a 2011 study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, De Dress team found that ox- tocsin increased favoritism toward subjects own ethnic roof (native Dutch men) on a series of tasks and thought experiments done on a computer, and in some situations the treated men exhibited more prejudice against other groups (Germans and Middle Eastern- errs, in this case). To some researchers, this suggests that extinction is a double-edged sword: pro- noting bonds with familiar individuals, but promoting unfriendly behavior toward strangers. In the beginning, everyone thought it would have very robust pros- Cal effects, but it seems to depend on how you interpret the term proboscis, says Rene © Herculean, a psychiatrist at the University of Bonn in Germany. In a study published on 14 November 2012 in The Journal of Neuroscience, his team reported that when men who reported being in a stable hetero- sexual relationship took extinction, they put a bit more distance between thems elves and an attractive female experimenter who entered the room. To Herculean, these find- inns, like De Dress, suggest that extinction promotes bonding within an established pair (or group) at the expense of outsiders. That makes sense from an evolutionary Perspex- dive, he says, but may not with psychiatric disk- orders, Herculean cautions that it might not have the same benefits for all patients. An illustration of Just that comes from work by Jennifer Bart, a social psychology- gist at McGill University in Montreal, Can- dad. Encouraged by the reports that extinction increases trust, Bart thought it might help people with borderline personality disorder (BAD), who are plagued by fears of ban- oddment and separation, and have profound difficulties with relationships as a result. But when she and colleagues gave a single dose of extinction nasal spray to people with BAD, they became less trusting and less likely to cooperate with a partner in a social dilemma game, the researchers reported in 2011 in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. This effect was strongest in those with BAD who scored highest on self-report measures of relationship anxiety and fear of rejection. Social studies. New clinical trials seek to determine if extinction can boost social behavior in children with autism. One possibility, Bart says, is that ox- tocsin increases the desire to connect and heightens attention to social cues. That may backfire in people with BAD, who are already hypertensive and anxious in social situations. The picture thats now emerging is that its not this global social panacea, Bart says. In many cases it upends on the situation in which its given or the person to whom its given. A risk worth taking? Going forward, the success or failure of extinction as a psychiatric drug may hinge on figuring out which disorders and which people respond positively to the hormone? theres evidence that people with variants of the extinction receptor gene respond differ- entry?and in what context. In my view, the best bene fit from stimulating the ox- tocsin system is going to be to combine it with a controlled behavioral therapy, Memo- rays Young says. He believes that extinctions main effect is to make people more insensitive to social cues. In a therapists office, chill- drew could be assured of receiving positive, reinforcing social cues while under the horn- ones sway. Not so if they simply take the hormone and went about their day. Say you give it to a kid and then he goes to school and gets bullied. Thats not going to have a positive impact, and it may even make things worse, Young says. A better handle on the basic biology of intranasal extinction, such as how it enters the brain and which receptors it hits, might enable researchers to develop more effect- dive drugs, Young adds. If we want to eve beyond this initial investigatory era and get more sophisticated and potent effects, we need to understand the mechanisms. Despite the unknowns, Sickish and others insist that the clinical trials are Justified. A lot of people in this country, probably a few thousand, are going to compounding par- masses and having them put together prep- rations of extinction, Sickish says. We feel like its really important, for something thats being used in this unregulated way, to get some data on how safe it is and figure out does it work or does it not work. For Dawson, the lack of better options is a powerful motivator. Only two drugs are cur- rental approved for autism, she notes: Both are an tispasmodic medications prescribed to cut down on tantrums, aggression, and self- injury. These drugs dont directly address the social deficits at the core of the discord- deer, and they have potentially dangerous side effects, not to mention unknown effects on brain development. Behavioral interventions such as the Early Start Denver Model, which Dawson co-developed, have proven success- intensive one-on-one therapy and can cost $25,000 to $50,000 a year. In contrast, a years supply of extinction, which is currently only available in a proprietary synthetic erosion, costs roughly $5000. And it could get much cheaper if a generic version becomes available. Among parents of autistic kids, theres long been a willingness to try experimental treatments, even before theyre fully vetted by researchers, Estella says. A driving factor, he says, is frustration that science has let them down by moving too slowly. At the same time, researchers such as Carter and Bales hope that science wont let these families down again by rushing too quickly into clinical trials with a hormone whose effects arent adequately understood.

Reverse logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15250 words

Reverse logistics - Essay Example (Mills, 2007, p. 21). Together with an increase in consumption comes an increase in material waste. Factory overruns, defective goods, and simply goods that have reached the end of their useful lives, will naturally be expected to accumulate. Given the volumes of waste generated by the mass of population making use of these products, the situation presents itself as a logistical predicament worthy of planning of the highest priority. According to the old methods of waste disposal, municipal solid waste (MSW) is traditionally incinerated in Europe because it is self-combusting. The first dedicated waste incinerators are more than a century old, having been build in 1876 in Great Britain. It was intended to eliminate waste in order to avoid the deleterious effects of rotting organic matter. While technological advances have greatly improved this method of waste disposal today, it is less prioritized in the hierarchy of methods articulated in the European waste management strategy when compared to prevention and material recycling. Among disposal systems, landfilling is the much more preferred option rather than incineration. 70% of MSW is relegated to landfills, while less than 20% is incinerated. Even then, landfilling is increasingly becoming a less viable option, because of decreasing availability of land, dangers of groundwater contamination, aesthetic and public health issues. (Bontoux, 1999) The problem is not limited to Europe alone. In the United States, for instance, MSW generation has engendered problems in landfilling that threatens to quickly overtake capacities for accommodating the volumes created. In a study conducted by the Earth Sciences Division, under the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and sponsored by the US Department of Energy, it was determined that as much as 214,000,000 tons of municipal solid waste is generated every year. According to data gathered

Human Rights and Catholic Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Rights and Catholic Church - Essay Example The present age has been marked by the attempts of different types that ultimately aim at human rights. Catholic community has been safeguarding the human right endeavors universally. As opposed to the general conception, Catholic Church has always been advocating for the Human Rights and other privileges that make the life of the human beings better and easier. The Church has always given priority to the necessities of all the men and has stood for the well-being of the humanity. This humanity-based approach of the Church has been made clear through the various types of teachings and preaching of the Church. It is, by nature, driven by the better living standard of its followers as well as the entire human race. This is the same reason why the Catholic Church has always raised chorus of disapproval whenever there is a violation of human freedom and threat to the peaceful existence of human. Such uproars for the cause of the humankind have been powerful voice that has touched the uni versal conscience. Among the many examples of this human concern of the Catholic Church stands the contribution made by Pope John XXIII who made a major appeal for the universal Human Rights through the encyclical Pacem in Terris or, to use the English full title, On Establishing Universal Peace in Truth, Justice, Charity and Liberty which was issued on 11 April 1963. The encyclical that addressed the faithful of the Catholic Church as well as "All Men of Good Will" obviously aimed at the human race as a whole. (John XXIII, 1963). Apart from the reaction to the political situation of the time, the encyclical also intended to emphasize the significance of respect of Human Rights as an indispensable corollary of the Christian understanding of men. In the encyclical the Pope emphatically states, "By the natural law every human being has the right to respect for his person, to his good reputation; the right to freedom in searching for truth and in expressing and communicating his opinions, and in pursuit of art, within the limits laid down by the moral order and the common good; and he has the right to be informed truthfully about public events." (John XXIII, 1963, para 12). The first section of the encyclical that aims to establish a vital relationship covers the issues of human rights and moral duties. It is the relationship between man and man as individuals. The encyclical, in the next section, goes on to address the relationship between state and man residing on the shared authority of the former. In the third section, the encyclical makes clear the necessity for equality among the different nations and the need for the state to be subject to rights and duties that the individual has to oblige by. The fourth and the final section of the encyclical clarifies the inevitability for greater relationship between world nations thereby mutually assisting for the cause of the humanity. The universally acclaimed encyclical ends with a plea to the entire Catholic community to assist the non-Catholics as well as the non-Christians in political and social aspect.

The Tiffany & Co Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Tiffany & Co Analysis - Research Paper Example This article is about Tiffany & Co analysis as a high-end jewelry company. We discuss briefly the history of the company history, its products, pioneers, location and distribution globally, and customer relation. The article also exploits the company’s’ new ventures in the jewelry industry. We also analyze the company position by performing a SWOT analysis to determine the various parameters influencing the company. The company has profound strength in its strong local existence, Positive brand image, well known for its silvery jewelry and strong direct selling strategy. Tiffany has some weakness as a result of declining cash flows and limited product range. Contrary to the weakness, the company prides in a number of opportunities such as Singapore as a luxury retail hub for Asian market and new business venture- Corporation with other companies to expand its market dominance. For the company to maintain its positive growth, it has to address the following threats; Prol iferation of imitation for its items and Economic slowdown This study also expands its analysis by looking at the quantitative variables that influence company performance. Here we scrutinize quantifiable variables of the company like company worth and predictable sales. The method involves analyzing profit and loss accounts, arithmetical state of the financial system, sales and earning histories. The variables discussed in this section are; Financial Ratio Analysis, Industry Specific Metrics and EV/Revenue Valuation. Under the financial analysis, we study the company’s Liquidity, Asset, and Debt Management and Profitability status. For specific company metrics; Sales per Retail Square Foot, Sales per Employee and Capital Intensity are as well discussed. The analysis winds with a EV/Revenue Valuation. The article finalizes by making suggestions which if incorporated can boost the company revenue, increase customer relation and deliver quality products to customers. The change in the company’s old model of management and market strategy will improve its goods and service delivery. We also take a conclusive analysis relating both quantitative and qualitative analysis to give advice to investor, buyers and company management on critical issues that needs to be addressed. We close the study by not recommending major fix within the company, but an advice to investor of the current company position and worthiness of making an investment. The fluctuations in major determining factors do not necessarily mean that the company is on the fall, but rather is responding to a change in prevailing conditions. Tiffany has shown excellent response to change in key determining factors like recession. Introduction Tiffany & Co. is the most popular lavish jewelry corporation in the United States of America.

Class Presentations On Crucial Conversations Philosophy Essay

Class Presentations On Crucial Conversations Philosophy Essay Consider our class presentations on Crucial Conversations. Please identify and define the key elements of a crucial conversation. What makes these conversations difficult for people and what can you do to enhance your ability to have an effective crucial conversation? On that note, what makes for an effective conversation? A crucial conversation is a discussion between two or more people where stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong. When we face crucial conversations, we can do one of three things: We can avoid them, we can face them and handle them poorly, or we can face them and handle them well. Ironically, the more crucial the conversation, the less likely we are to handle it well. We often hold things inside by going silent until we can take it no longer-and then we drop a bomb. In short, we move between silence and violence-we either dont handle the conversation, or dont handle it well. We may not become physically violent, but we do attack others ideas and feelings. When we fail a crucial conversation, every aspect of our lives can be affected-from our careers, to our communities, to our relationships, to our personal health. When a conversation turns crucial, we either miss or misinterpret the early warning signs. The sooner we notice were not in dialogue, the quicker we can get back to dialogue and the lower the cost. As you pull out of the content of a conversation and learn to look for the conditions of dialogue, pay attention to early warning signs. Learn to look for when a conversation becomes crucial. A large part of this is watching your actions and emotions, as well as the actions and emotions of the other person. Paying attention to both the content of the discussion and how people are acting and feeling is no easy task. But its an essential part of dialogue. As long as your intent is pure and you learn how to make it safe for others, you can talk to almost anyone about almost anything. The key is to make the other person feel safe. To do this, there are two things the person needs to know: First, they need to know that you care about their best interests and goals. This is called mutual purpose. Second, they need to know that you care about them. This is called mutual respect. When people believe both of these things, they relax and can absorb what youre saying; they feel safe. The instant they dont believe them, safety breaks down and silence or violence follows. To restore safety in the face of silence or violence, you must restore mutual purpose and respect. When we become upset, our most common reaction is to defend ourselves and place the blame on someone else. As convenient as it is to blame others for pushing our buttons and causing us to become upset, its not exactly true. The key to how we feel lies in the stories we tell. These stories consist of our guess as to why people do what they do. As we become emotional, our story seems to be What is the worst and most hurtful way I can take this? This negative spin escalates our emotions and causes us to do the worst when it matters the most. To break away from your volatile emotions, you must rethink the conclusions you drew and the judgments you made. That requires you to tell the rest of the story. N ew stories create new feelings and support new and healthier actions. Better still, new stories often encourage you to return to dialogue. You have to know how to speak without offending and how to be persuasive without being abrasive. The five skills help us do just that to confidently state our opinions and humbly and sincerely invite others to do the same. The five skills that help us share our tough messages are called STATE: Share your facts Tell your story Ask for others paths Talk tentatively Encourage testing As we see others moving to silence or violence-sharing mostly stories or very little at all-it helps us stay in dialogue if we can encourage them to share their entire Path to Action, or the explanation of how emotions, thoughts, and experiences lead to our actions. We have to find a way to move others back to their facts. We typically join them at the end of their Path to Action. They show us their feelings and share their stories, but we may not know what they actually observed. We know what they think, but we dont know what we or others may have done. When others go to silence or violence, actively explore their path. Exploring helps others move away from harsh feelings and knee-jerk reactions and toward the root causes of those feelings and reactions. It also helps curb our own defensive response. Rather than ask, Whats the worst and most personal way I can take this? (leading to defensiveness), we should ask, Why would a reasonable, rational, and decent person think or feel this way? (leading to curiosity). Its hard to feel defensive and curious at the same time. Finally, it takes us to the only place where the feelings can be resolved: The source (the facts and story behind the emotions). If you dont take action, all crucial conversation is for nothing and will eventually lead to disappointment and hard feelings. Always agree on when and how follow-up will occur. It could be a simple e-mail confirming action by a certain date. It could be a full report in a team meeting. It could be just one report upon completion, or it could be progress checks along the way. Regardless of the method or frequency, follow-up is critical in creating action. There is no accountability if there is not an opportunity to account for action. Document your work: Effective teams and healthy relationships are supported by records of the important decisions made after difficult dialogues, and the assignments agreed upon. Good teams revisit these documents to follow up on both the decisions and the commitments. When someone fails to keep a commitment, candidly and directly discuss the issue with him or her. Please respond to FOUR of the questions below: 3. Consider mediation as a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). What are the advantages of mediation relative to other forms of dispute resolution such as courts and arbitration? What are the key attributes of an effective mediator? In Prosando, the mediator attempted to move the parties from a rights-based approach to an interests-based approach. What does this mean? How did he do this? Why did he do this? (Be sure to use the  Prosando video as an example to support your points as well as other course info). Mediation is a process in which a neutral third party (the mediator) assists the parties in resolving their dispute by facilitating negotiation. The mediator has no authority to impose a settlement, and the parties are under no obligation to reach agreement. Mediation proceedings are generally private and confidential. Benefits of successful mediation vary, depending on the parties needs and interests. The following are some common advantages of mediation: Parties are directly engaged in negotiating the settlement: Parties in mediation have the opportunity to directly air their views and positions, in the presence of their adversaries. The process can thus provide a catharsis for the parties that can engender a willingness to resolve the differences between them. Moreover, since parties are heard in the presence of neutral authority figures, the parties often feel that they have had their day in court. In the entertainment industry, there are lots of egos at stake. Clients that have suffered may want an opportunity to tell their story, and clear up any misrepresentations that are exploited to the public. Parties enhance the possibility of continuing their business relationship after resolving the dispute: Litigation process can be very stressful, time consuming, costly and often personally painful. At the end of litigation, the parties are often unable to continue or restart a relationship. In contrast, mediation disputes can be resolved in a manner that saves a business or personal relationship that; ultimately, the parties would prefer to preserve. Many relationships in the entertainment industry are of a collaborative nature, and it is pretty common for the parties in dispute to have had some success in prior artistic collaborations. If the creative parties are able to overcome the hurdle of the dispute through mediation, there is the potential that the parties can continue producing successful artistic endeavors. Creative Thinking and Problem Solving. Litigation can never resolve both parties issues in a way that is simultaneously favorable to both parties. In a mediation, all parties involved can brainstorm together to find solutions that address most, if not all, of the issues that are presented in the mediation. As stated earlier, people in the entertainment industry are creative by nature, and are known to think outside of the box. Mediation should be the least foreign process to anyone involved in any aspect of the entertainment industry. Mediation saves money through reduced legal costs and staff time: By resolving disputes earlier in mediation rather than later in litigation, parties can save tremendous sums in attorneys fees, court costs and other related expenses. Mediation Helps in Complicated Cases: When the facts and/or legal issues are particularly complicated, it can be difficult to sort them out through direct negotiations, or during trial. By contrast, mediation provides an opportunity to break down the facts and issues into smaller components, thereby enabling the parties to separate the matters that they agree upon, and those that they do not yet agree upon. The mediator can be indispensable to this process by separating, organizing, simplifying and addressing relevant issues. Mediator is an important role in Mediation. In the Prosando case, the mediators goal is to help the parties settle their difference in a manner that meets their needs and is preferable to the litigation alternative. An experienced mediator can serve as a sounding board, help identify and frame the relevant interests and issues of the parties, help the parties test their case and quantify the risk/reward of pursuing the matter, and, if asked, provide a helpful and objective analysis of the merits to each of the parties, foster and even suggest creative solutions, and identify and assist in solving impediments to settlement. This is often accomplished by meeting with the parties separately in private caucuses, as well as in a group, so that all participants can speak with total candor during the mediation process. The mediator can also provide the persistence that is often necessary to help parties reach a resolution. To obtain interests, determine priorities and develop trust, the med iator in Prosando case used various questioning techniques. Since parties may be reluctant to disclose information that weakens their own insistence on positions, the mediator must dig for information and will typically start such inquiry with open-ended questions. Important open-ended questions used by mediator were: What do I need to know to understand this matter? Narrower or focused clarification questioning will come later during the mediation. As part to bring out hidden concerns and interests, mediator carefully listens to responses and pursues critically important follow-up questions. Follow-up is particularly important when the speaker reveals a goal or interest without specifying the reasons. Follow questions assure the revelation of the speakers priorities rather than ones the mediator might assume or gather. For example, after Prosandos president said We have to move quickly, the mediator asked, Why is time so important? The mediator builds trust and assures the particip ants that he accurately understands the concerns and interests by using the active listening techniques. Active listening empathetically acknowledges what a party has said by reflecting back the essence of the statement with understanding but without evaluation. Active listening assures speakers that they have been understood, an important component of trust. Another effective technique that the mediator in the Prosando case uses was reframing. When mediators believe a partys interest or priority would be totally unacceptable to the opponent and couldnt form the basis of an agreement, he might try to reframe the interest into acceptable terms that could become part of a settlement. 4.   Based on Professor  Cialdinis six approaches to influence and persuasion, please identify and describe 3 of those and how and why they should work. How you can apply them in your work life? Reciprocity As humans, we generally aim to return favors, pay back debts, and treat others as they treat us. According to the idea of reciprocity, this can lead us to feel obliged to offer concessions or discounts to others if they have offered them to us. This is because were uncomfortable with feeling indebted to them. For example, if a colleague helps you when youre busy with a project, you might feel obliged to support her ideas for improving team processes. You might decide to buy more from a supplier if they have offered you an aggressive discount. Or, you might give money to a charity fundraiser who has given you a flower in the street. One of the reasons reciprocation can be used so effectively as a device for gaining anothers compliance is its power. The rule possessed awesome strength, often producing a yes response to a request that except for an existing feeling of indebtedness would have surely been refused. Liking People prefer to say yes to those they know and like, Cialdini says. Physical attractiveness, similarity, and familiarity are three levers that can be employed to increase this liking factor. When looks are not a significant issue, we like people that are similar to us, whether its similar opinions, personality traits, background, or life-style. So, smart persuaders dress like their targets, claim to have (or actually develop) similar backgrounds, lifestyles, attitudes, and beliefs. Scarcity When we are convinced that an opportunity or thing is limited in its availability, we are more easily persuaded to want it, and to take the actions necessary to get it. This principle says that things are more attractive when their availability is limited, or when we stand to lose the opportunity to acquire them on favorable terms. For instance, we might buy something immediately if were told that its the last one, or that a special offer will soon expire. Moreover, a sudden increase in scarcity is more persuasive that constant scarcity, and, if the sudden increase is due to demand for the item from others, it is more persuasive still. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify and explain when contingent contracts or contingent provisions in a contract, might be useful to get a deal done. Referring to the article: Betting on the future: The virtues of contingent contracts: Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct99, Vol. 77 Issue 5, p155-160, identify the benefits and issues to be aware of when considering contingent provisions or contracts. When contingent contracts or contingent provisions in a contract is useful to get a deal done: Bypassing Biases: Contingent contracts offer a different approach to solving the bias problem. By enabling each side to bet on its bias, the contracts remove the biases as sources of contention and ultimately have the effect of canceling them out altogether. Consider, for example, one of the most common biases affecting negotiators: overconfidence. Companies, like individuals, tend to have an irrational degree of confidence in their own abilities and, as a result, they tend to overestimate the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes. In a contingent contract, each side translates its overconfident assumptions into a wager on the future. The outcome of the wager tends to fall between the two extreme positions, creating a rational result without requiring either party to sacrifice its firmly held bias. Another bias common in negotiations is egocentrism, which occurs when negotiators hold self-serving perceptions about the fairness of their position. Here, too, contingent contracts can defuse the tension and create a rational outcome. Contingent contracts counter biases by, in essence, indulging them. They establish two contrasting future scenarios, each reflecting one partys biases. Because each side anticipates that its scenario will be the one that plays out, each has a strong incentive to accept the contract. In effect, contingent contracts allow negotiators to be flexible without feeling that theyve compromised. Diagnosing Deceit: What makes information asymmetry so discomforting to companies is that it raises the possibility of deceit. Indeed, the fear of deceit can be a major impediment to all sorts of business agreements. Contingent contracts are a powerful means of uncovering deceit and neutralizing its consequences. Reduce Risk: Using a contingent contract to share risk often has an important additional benefit: it creates enormous goodwill. On the one hand, the contract provides a safety net, limiting each companys losses should an agreement go unexpectedly awry. On the other hand, it reduces the possibility of one company earning a windfall at the others expense. A contingent contract thus tends to enhance the trust between the parties, setting the stage for mutually beneficial negotiations in the future. Companies can also use contingent contracts to reduce the risk their customers assume when they purchase a new and untested product. Motivation: Another the benefits offered by contingent contracts is that they motivate parties to perform at or above contractually specified levels. Thats the driving force behind the use of contingent contracts in all kinds of compensation arrangements, from sales commissions to stock options. Sports teams and entertainment companies routinely use contingent contracts to motivate athletes and artists, particularly those who have shown a lack of motivation in the past. Contingent contracts are useful not just for motivating individuals, they can also motivate companies. While we believe that contingent contracts are valuable in many kinds of business negotiations, theyre not right in every situation. Managers should keep three points in mind: First, contingent contracts require continuing interaction between the parties. After all, the final outcome of the contract will not be determined until sometime after the initial agreement is signed. Therefore, negotiators need to consider the nature of their future relationship with the other party. If the parties are seeking a spot transaction, or if theres outright ill will between the two, they should probably not enter into a contingent contract. Second, negotiators need to think about the enforceability of a contract. Under a contingent contract, it is probable that one or more of the parties will not receive its full value up front. In some cases, the deferred value may represent a significant portion of the overall value. What if the loser of the bet refuses to pay up? What should the winner do? There are many ways to solve such issues-placing money in escrow, for instance. Our main message is, dont bet if you cant collect. Third, contingent contracts require transparency. The future event the parties bet on must be one that both sides can observe and measure and that neither side can covertly manipulate. Vague bets set the stage for different interpretations later. The terms of the bet should be clearly delineated in the contract. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider the article The Chinese Negotiation Harvard Business Review, Oct. 2003, Vol. 81 Issue 10, p. 82-91. Based on that article, identify and describe 3 concepts you should be aware of in order to negotiate effectively in China. The first concept in Chinese Negotiaitons is Guanxi (Personal Connections): In fact, personal connections doesnt do justice to the fundamental, and complex, concept of guanxi. While Americans put a premium on networking, information, and institutions, the Chinese place a premium on individuals social capital within their group of friends, relatives, and close associates. Though the role of guanxi is fading a bit against the backdrop of population mobility and the Wetsernization of some Chinese business practices, it remains an important social force. More often than not, the person with the best guanxi wins. Heres an example of how guanxi works. Upon learning that China Post Savings Bureau planned to modernize its computer network, C.T Teng, the general manager of Honeywell-Bulls Greater China Region, asked his Beijing sales director and the China Post executive were old university friends, they has guanxi. That connection enabled Teng to invite the China Post executive to a partners forum at Honeywell-Bull headquarters in Boston. He also invited the CEO of Taiwans Institute of Information Industry to the event. Over the course of the meeting, Teng proposed a banking system using Honeywell-Bull hardware and Taiwan Institute software to China Posts CEO, and the deal was accepted. Good Guanxi also depends on a strict system of reciprocity, or what the Chinese call hui bao. This does not mean immediate, American-style reciprocity: I made a concession, and I expect one in return at the table that day. In China, theres no hurry; agrarian rhythms run long. Favors are almost always remembered and returned, though not right away. This long-term reciprocity is a cornerstone of enduring personal relationships. Ignoring reciprocity in China is not just bad manners; its immoral. If someone is labeled wang en fuyi (one who forgets favors and fails on righteousness and loyalty), it poisons the well for all future business. The second concept we should be aware of is Zhongjian Ren (The Intermediary): Business deals for Americans in China dont have a chance without the zhongjian ren, the intermediary. In the US, we tend to trust others until or unless were given reason not to. In China, suspicion and distrust characterize all meetings with strangers. In business, trust cant be earned because business relationships cant even be formed without it. Instead, trust must be transmitted via guanxi. That is, a trusted business associate of yours must pass you along to his trusted business associates. In China, the crucial first step in this phase of negotiation, called nontask sounding, is finding the personal links to your target organizations or executive. Those links can be hometown, family, school or previous business ties. Whats crucial is that the links be based on personal experience. For example, you call your former classmate and ask him to set up a dinner meeting with his friend. Expensive meals at nice places are key. If things go well, his friend accepts the role of zhongjian ren and in turn sets up a meeting with your potential client or business partner, whom he knows quite well. A talented Chinese go-between in indispensable even after the initial meeting takes place. Consider what happens during a typical Sino-Western negotiation session. Rather than just saying no outright, Chinese businesspeople are more likely to change the subject, turn silent, ask another question, or respond by using ambiguous and vaguely positive expressions with subtle negative implications, such as hai bu cuo (seems not wrong), hai hao (seems fairly all right), and hai xing or hai key i (appears fairly passable). Only a native Chinese speaker can read and explain the moods, intonation, facial expressions and body language Chinese negotiators exhibit during a formal negotiation session. Frequently, only the zhongjian ren can determine whats going on. When an impatient Westerner asks what the Chinese think of a proposal, the respondents will invariably offer to kan kan or yanjiu yanjiu, which means, Let us take a look or Let us study it even if they think the proposal stinks. This is where the zhongjian ren can step in because he is an interpreter not so much or words as of cultures. Often, the two parties can say frankly to the intermediary what they cannot say to each other. In China, the intermediary not the negotiator first brings up the business issue to be discussed. And the intermediary often settles differences. Indeed, we have seen more than one zhongjian ren successfully deal with divisive disagreements. The following is one such case: A VP of a New York-based software company went to Beijing to negotiate a distribution contract with a Chinese research institute. Having attended meetings arranged by the intermediary a former senior executive with the institute the VP was pleased with the progress during the first two days. But on the third day, the two sides became embroiled in a fruitless debate over intellectual property rights. Feeling they were losing face, the Chinese ended the meeting. That night, the VP and the China country manager met with the intermediary. The following day, the intermediary called the head of the institute and worked his magic. In the end, both sides agreed that the intellectual property rights were to be jointly owned, and the contract was signed. Another important concept in Chinese Negotiation is Jiejan (Thrift): Chinas long history of economic and political instability has taught its people to sae their money, a practice known as jiejan. According to market research firm Euromonitor International, mainland Chinese save nearly four times as much of their household income as Americans do. The focus on savings results, in business negotiation, in a lot of bargaining over price usually though haggling. Chinese negotiators will pad their offers with more room to maneuver than most Americans are used to, and they will make concessions on price with great reluctance and only after lengthy discussions. In fact, we have often seen Americans laugh at the Chinese base price or get angry at unreasonable Chinese counteroffers. To make matters worse, the Chinese are adept at using silence as a negotiation tactic. This leaves Americans in the awkward position of negotiating by asking questions, directly or through the intermediary. In defending price positions, the Chinese use patience and silence as formidable weapons against American impatience and volubility. Westerners should not be put off by aggressive first offers by the Chinese; they expect both sides to make concessions eventually, particularly on prices.

Gunslinger: Battle Between Good and Evil :: essays research papers

The dilemma between good and evil began long before our time, and it’s been chronicled since man could write. Stephen King, one of the controversial writers of our time, brings his characters to life by giving them peculiar attributes, individual and bold attitudes, and places them in unusual predicaments. The Gunslinger series by Stephen King is a sequence of books that show the internal struggle between good and evil. His character are presented with obstacles, and readers observe how each one responds to the challenges presented to them, waiting to see how far they will go to achieve what they believe is the greater good. King realistically conveys to his readers that although his characters put forth their best efforts to do what they feel is upright, their actions are not always in their best interests. The author clearly shows readers that no amount of good a person does can prevent them from getting hurt. In books one, two, and four King puts his characters through cer tain situations to create certain outcomes. King makes an effort to show readers how people arrive at the right, or wrong choice, in different situations. This is, of course, the classic struggle between good and evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King introduces Roland, the protagonist, in â€Å"Gunslinger†. Roland is crucial in King’s endeavor to present to his readers how people make the choice between good and evil. In â€Å"Gunslinger†, Roland is presented with an option; he can either save a boy’s life, or he can let the boy plunge to his death and not deviate from his plan. Roland loves the boy, Jake, and is torn between saving him and pursuing his target, the man in black. Roland decides to sacrifice his friend’s life in order to hound the man in black. Roland’s goal is to reach the Dark Tower, and he feels that he must make sacrifices and forgo the sentimental, in order to achieve his goal. His ultimate goal is what he believes is the greater good, and he will go to any length to reach it. Society has sacrificed of innocence to achieve their definitive purpose, history is proof of this. King simply brings this to light. Roland has love for the boy; however, in not saving his life he saves more lives in the end. Saving Jake’s life might be in Jake’s best interest, but in doing so Roland will be affected negatively.

Solutions: Self-esteem and Professional Sports Events

Solutions The Mayor of a large city was given a free membership in an exclusive golf club by people who have received several city contracts. He also accepted gifts from organizations that have not done business with the City but might in the future. The gifts ranged from $200 tickets to professional sports events to designer watches and jewelry. The Mayor of the city actions are self-serving. , for he is receiving all the benefits.The greater good is not being served here because small businesses may not be able to pay the Mayor for city contracts. Because of this, outside organizations are benefiting with city jobs, causing small businesses in the city to go out of business. It may also cause taxes to increase and loss of city jobs. The Mayor is abusing his office by not putting his cititizens needs before his own. Locke would agree with me, he would say that the Mayor has a responsibility to his people.He would also say that the people have the right to choose a different Mayor wh o would put there need before his own. A college instructor is pursuing her doctorate in night school. To gain extra time for her own studies, she gives her students the same lectures, the same assignments, and the same examinations semester after semester without the slightest effort to improve them. The college instructor is just serving herself. She is not fillful her duties to her students, she finds it easier to keep repeat the same material semester after semester.She is not teaching her students with updated material, when they enter the work force they will be ill prepared to compete with others. Locke would agree that the students have the right to expect their instructor to take as much time and effort in their lessons as she does in her own work. Todd and Edna have been married for three years. They have had serious personal problems. Edna is a heavy drinker, and Todd cannot keep a job. Also, they have bickered and fought constantly since their marriage.Deciding that the way to overcome their problems is to have a child, they stop practicing birth control, and Edna becomes pregnant. To raise a child is difficult even when you are prepared. But to have a child to fix a marriage is wrong. You put a lot of pressure of the child, and when things go wrong, you will start to blame and resent the child. Which in turn will cause the child to have a low self –esteem and then the child will be taught how to make poor decisions. That s if Edna is lucky to have a healthy baby. Her heavy drinking could have negative ramification such as fetal syndrome and other birth defects. Babies are very expensive and Todd not be able to keep a job is just going to increase the bickering and arguing. So, there is no greater good in this scenario, It does no good for Edna and Todd to care for a child that may have defects because the Edna’s drinking. It does no good for the child to have to deal with two parents who make poor decisions.

The Deep State Theory, Defined and Explained

The Deep State Theory, Defined and Explained The seed for many tantalizing conspiracy theories, the term â€Å"deep state† in the United States implies the existence of a premeditated effort by certain federal government employees or other persons to secretly manipulate or control the government without regard for the policies of Congress or the President of the United States. Origin and History of the Deep State The concept of a deep state - also called a â€Å"state within a state† or a â€Å"shadow government† – was first used in reference to political conditions in countries like Turkey and post-Soviet Russia. During the 1950s, an influential anti-democratic coalition within the Turkish political system called the â€Å"derin devlet† – literally the â€Å"deep state† - allegedly dedicated itself to ousting communists from the new Turkish Republic founded by Mustafa Ataturk after World War I. Made up of elements within the Turkish military, security, and judiciary branches, the derin devlet worked to turn the Turkish people against its enemies by staging â€Å"false flag† attacks and planned riots. Ultimately, the derin devlet was blamed for the deaths of thousands of people. In the 1970s, former high-ranking officials of the Soviet Union, after defecting to the West, publically stated that the Soviet political police – the KGB – had operated as a deep state secretly attempting to control the Communist Party and ultimately, the Soviet government. In a 2006 symposium, Ion Mihai Pacepa, a former general in the Communist Romania secret police who defected to the United States in 1978, stated, In the Soviet Union, the KGB was a state within a state.† Pacepa went on to claim, â€Å"Now former KGB officers are running the state. They have custody of the country’s 6,000 nuclear weapons, entrusted to the KGB in the 1950s, and they now also manage the strategic oil industry renationalized by Putin.† The Deep State Theory in the United States In 2014, former congressional aide Mike Lofgren alleged the existence of a different type of deep state operating within the United States government in his essay titled â€Å"Anatomy of the Deep State.† Instead of a group comprised exclusively of government entities, Lofgren calls the deep state in the United States â€Å"a hybrid association of elements of government and parts of top-level finance and industry that is effectively able to govern the United States without reference to the consent of the governed as expressed through the formal political process.† The Deep State, wrote Lofgren, is not â€Å"a secret, conspiratorial cabal; the state within a state is hiding mostly in plain sight, and its operators mainly act in the light of day. It is not a tight-knit group and has no clear objective. Rather, it is a sprawling network, stretching across the government and into the private sector.† In some ways, Lofgren’s description of a deep state in the United States echoes parts of President Dwight Eisenhower’s 1961 farewell address, in which he warned future presidents to â€Å"guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex.† President Trump Alleges a Deep State Opposes Him Following the tumultuous 2016 presidential election, President Donald Trump and his supporters suggested that certain unnamed executive branch officials and intelligence officers were secretly operating as a deep state to block his policies and legislative agenda by leaking information considered critical of him. President Trump, White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon, along with ultra-conservative news outlets like Breitbart News claimed that Former President Obama was orchestrating a deep state attack against the Trump administration. The allegation apparently grew out of Trump’s unsubstantiated claim that Obama had ordered the wiretapping of his telephone during the 2016 election campaign. Current and former intelligence officials remain divided on the question of the existence of a deep state secretly working to derail the Trump administration.   In a June 5, 2017 article published in The Hill Magazine, retired veteran CIA field operations agent Gene Coyle stated that while he doubted the existence of â€Å"hordes of government officials† operating as an anti-Trump deep state, he did believe the Trump administration was justified in complaining about the number of leaks being reported by news organizations. â€Å"If you are that appalled at the actions of an administration, you should quit, hold a press conference and publicly state your objections,† said Coyle. â€Å"You can’t run an executive branch if more and more people think, ‘I don’t like the policies of this president, therefore I will leak information to make him look bad.’† Other intelligence experts argued that individuals or small groups of individuals leaking information critical of a presidential administration lack the organizational coordination and depth of deep states such as those that existed in Turkey or the former Soviet Union. The Arrest of Reality Winner   On June 3, 2017, a third-party contractor working for the National Security Agency (NSA) was arrested on charges of violating the Espionage Act by leaking a top-secret document related to the possible involvement of the Russian government in the 2016 U.S. presidential election to an unnamed news organization. When questioned by the FBI on June 10, 2017, the woman, 25-year-old Reality Leigh Winner, â€Å"admitted intentionally identifying and printing the classified intelligence reporting at issue despite not having a ‘need to know,’ and with the knowledge that the intelligence report was classified,† according to the FBI affidavit. According to the Justice Department, Winner â€Å"further acknowledged that she was aware of the contents of the intelligence reporting and that she knew the contents of the reporting could be used to the injury of the United States and to the advantage of a foreign nation.† The arrest of Winner represented the first confirmed case of an attempt by a current government employee to discredit the Trump administration. As a result, many conservatives have been quick to use the case to bolster their arguments of a so-called deep state within the United States government. While its true that Winner had publicly expressed anti-Trump sentiments both to co-workers and on social media, her actions in no way prove the existence of an organized deep state effort to discredit the Trump administration.

buy custom Trade-offs to High-Priced Cancer Drugs essay

buy custom Trade-offs to High-Priced Cancer Drugs essay Question 1 Over the past few years, the cost of cancer drugs as well as related care and treatment have been sky rocketing. Many cancer patients today pay thousands of dollars per year for medical care and many others abandon treatment because of these high prices of drugs. These high costs are majorly attributed to the emergence of new and better drugs that prolong life. They are also more expensive because there is a major shift by doctors and patients towards these drugs due to the urge for better treatment. Cancer drugs are complex and not easily available in generic form hence the research and development as well as the effort put to bring them into the market are some the reasons for their exceptional high costs. Emergences of new technologies for research as well as for diagnosis also contribute to the high pricesof drugs (Sherman, 2011). Question 2 Increased government involvement in the research of cancer drugs would be a remedy that eventually puts an end to the atrocious discrepancy of high cost of cancer drugs. In the United States, the National Cancer Act which brought about National Cancer Program as well as National Cancer Institute was put in place and given unique capabilities towards accelerated cancer research. Such alliances by government and medical research as well as additional budgetary allocations would relate to lower prices of drugs that patients can afford without much struggle. Many insurance companies have in the present deviated from making reimbursements or full benefits. Direct government involvement through passage of healthcare legislations would see to it that cancer patients get insurance benefitss (Sherman, 2011). Question 3 Many of the things that people want are not freely available to them. Medical therapy for the treatment of cancer has been recently approximated to cost up to thirty thousand dollars a month. Recently approved chemotherapy is used to treat patients together with the administration of new costly drugs hence the high prices of treatment. There is a high demand for this treatment as well as the drugs which is not readily available to all. The constant need for better treatment and medicine has kept researchers and medical technologists on toes as to continually put more resources as well as new technologies to come up with advanced treatment. This high cost of medical therapy form of treatment and demand relates to the economic concept of scarcity in relation to prices (Sherman, 2011). Buy custom Trade-offs to High-Priced Cancer Drugs essay

Was Jimmy John Liautaud just lucky or his business style enough to Essay

Was Jimmy John Liautaud just lucky or his business style enough to guarantee success in today's corporate world - Essay Example One of the major contributions to John success was low level of competition. In those days, people had not ventured in business. John therefore, took Cultural Revolution that was taking place at that time to conquer the market. People were moving away from gender segregation that was characterized by division of gender roles to an economy that all genders participated in the development of the economy. People were therefore starting to use fast foods as a result of changing family roles. Therefore, his quick response in taking up the new opportunity that arose made him to prosper in business (Corbus & Guertin, 2007) The success of any business depends on the owner’s ability to take risks and work towards overcoming these risks. This is to be supported by personal interest and commitment towards achieving the set goals. John was dedicated to prosper in his business as he spent much of his time strategizing on the best opportunity to undertake in order to prosper in the future (Corbus & Guertin, 2007, 20). Business attitude is the key to success of the business and this is the one that made John take the loan that was given by his father rather than joining the military John success was mainly spearheaded by his originality. Currently, many entrepreneurs are concerned at photocopying other people ideas and try to modify these ideas to suit their interest. As a result, high competition has increased as entrepreneurs are trying to outdo each other. This was not the case with John. Despite lack of specialization in business related sector, he knew that the only way to enter and segment his own market is coming up with a new product. This helped him to position the product in the market and get financial strength before other competitors entered the market (Corbus & Guertin, 2007, 22). In the current days, business transaction has recorded tremendous changes as a result of increased risks and uncertainties that face the sector. This has

The water pollution of the Yellow River Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The water pollution of the Yellow River - Essay Example Currently, the Mother River is slowly dying. Stained with pollution, crowded with ill-conceived dams, tainted with sewage, it diminishes at its mouth to a lifeless trickle. There were many occasions during the 1990s that the river didn’t reach the sea at all (Wang, Xuejun, and Edwin, 282). It is no hallucination. The huge oasis in Ningxia, near the Yellow Rivers which runs 3,400-mile from the Plateau of Tibet has survived for close to 2,000 years, since the Qin emperor posted an army of peasant engineers to grow crops and build canal for soldiers protecting the Great Wall (Wang et. al.177). Many residents are trying to carry on that tradition today. Lured here almost three decades ago by the limitless supply of water, farmers near the river banks cultivate cornfields along the Great Wall next to the Yellow River (Selden, Mark and So, 152). From the irrigation canal, many residents appreciated the green expanse and loved the rivers power and always believed it was the most beautiful residence under the sun (Wang, Xuejun, and Edwin, 282). However, this earthly bliss is fading fast. The proliferation of industries, factories, cities, and farms which are considered goods of Chinas magnificent economic boom is affecting the Yellow River by making it dry (Wang et. al.168). All the water that is remaining is being polluted and poisoned by these disposals. From the canal bank another surreal flash of blood-red toxic chemical waste streaming from a pipe are considered the greatest pollutants of the Yellow River. These drainage makes the water turn garish purple (White and Matthew, 47). The canal drains into the Yellow River that was inhabited by turtles and fishes (Selden, Mark and So, 154). Currently, the water is toxic to be used for irrigation purposes. In addition, goats and livestock die within hours of drinking from the canal (Wang, Xuejun, and Edwin, 283). The hazardous pollution comes from chemical and pharmaceutical factories next to Shens